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See also:LANDER, See also:RICHARD See also:LEMON (1804–1834) and See also:JOHN (1807–1839), See also:English explorers of the See also:Niger, were natives of See also:Cornwall, sons of an innkeeper at See also:Truro. At the See also:age of eleven Richard went to the See also:West Indies in the service of a See also:merchant. Returning to See also:England after an See also:absence of three years he took service with various wealthy families, with whom he travelled on the See also:continent. In 1823–1824 he accompanied See also:Major (afterwards See also:General See also:Sir) W. M. See also:Colebrooke, on a tour through Cape See also:Colony. In 1825 Richard offered his services to See also:Hugh See also:Clapperton, then preparing for his second expedition to West See also:Africa. He was Clapperton's devoted servant and See also:companion in this expedition, and on Clapperton's See also:death near See also:Sokoto in See also:April 1827 Richard Lander, after visiting See also:Kano and other parts of the See also:Hausa states, returned to the See also:Guinea See also:coast through Yoruba bringing with him Clapper-ton's See also:journal. To this on its publication (1829) was added The Journal of Richard Lander from Kano to the Coast, and in the next See also:year Lander published another See also:account of the expedition entitled Records of See also:Captain Clapperton's Last Expedition to Africa ... with the subsequent Adventures of the Author. To this narrative he prefixed an autobiographical See also:note. Richard Lander, though without any scientific attainments, had exhibited such capacity for exploration that the See also:British See also:government decided to send him out to determine the course of the See also:lower Niger. In the expedition he was accompanied by his See also:brother John, by See also:trade a printer, and better educated than Richard, who went as an unsalaried volunteer. Leaving England in See also:January 183o, the See also:brothers landed at Badagry on the Guinea coast on the 22nd of See also:March. They then travelled by the route previously taken by Clapperton to See also:Bussa on the right See also:bank of the Niger, reached on the 17th of See also:June. Thence they ascended the See also:river for about 10o m. Going back to Bussa the travellers began, on the 2oth of See also:September, the descent of the river, not knowing whither it would See also:lead them. They journeyed in canoes accompanied by a few negroes, their only scientific See also:instrument a See also:common See also:compass. They discovered the See also:Benue river, ascertaining when passing its confluence, by paddling against its stream, that their course was not in that direction. At the beginning of the See also:delta they were captured by the Ibos, from whom they were ransomed by " See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Boy " of See also:Brass See also:Town; by him they were taken to the See also:Nun mouth of the river, whence a passage was obtained to Fernando Po, reached on the 1st of See also:December. The Landers were thus able to See also:lay down with approximate correctness the lower course of the Niger—a See also:matter till then as much in dispute as was the question of the See also:Nile See also:sources. In the attack by the Ibos the Landers lost many of their records, but they published a narrative of their discoveries in 1832, in three small volumes—Journal of an Expedition to Explore the Course and Termination of the Niger. In recognition of his services the Royal See also:Geographical Society—formed two years previously—granted Richard Lander in 1832 the royal See also:medal, he being the first recipient of such an See also:award. In the same year Richard went to Africa again as See also:leader of an expedition organized by See also:Macgregor See also:Laird and other See also:Liverpool merchants to open up trade on the Niger and to found a commercial See also:settlement at the junction of the Benue with the See also:main stream. The expedition encountered many difficulties, suffered See also:great mortality from See also:fever, and was not able to reach Bussa. Lander made several journeys up and down stream, and while going up the river in a See also:canoe was attacked by the natives on the 2oth of January 1834 at a spot about 84 m. above the Nun mouth, and wounded by a See also:musket See also:ball in the thigh. He was removed to Fernando Po, where he died on the 6th of See also:February. John Lander, who on his return to England in 1831 obtained a situation at the See also:London customs See also:house,died on the 16th of See also:November 1839 of a disease contracted in Africa.
See, besides the books mentioned, the Narrative of the Niger expedition of 1832-1834, published in 1837 by Macgregor Laird and R. A. K. See also:Oldfield.
End of Article: LANDER, RICHARD LEMON (1804–1834)
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