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weight. They are a peaceful and industrious people, living partly in farmsteads amid their crops, partly in large trading centres such as Kano, Katsena and Yakoba (See also:

BAUCHI

Bauchi). They are extremely intelligent and even cultured, and have exercised a civilizing effect upon their Fula conquerors to whose oppressive See also:

RULE

rule they submitted. They are excellent agriculturists, and, almost unaided by See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, they have See also:

DEVELOPED

developed a variety of See also:

INDUSTRIES

industries, such as the making of See also:

CLOTH

cloth, mats, See also:

leather and See also:

glass. In Sierra Leone and the See also:

Gold See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast territory they form the backbone of the military See also:

POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police, and under See also:

ENGLISH

English leadership have again and again shown themselves to be admirable fighters and capable of a high degree of discipline and See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good conduct. Their See also:

food consists chiefly of See also:

GUINEA

guinea See also:

corn (See also:

SORGHUM

sorghum vulgare), which is ground up and eaten as a sort of See also:

PORRIDGE (an altered form of " pottage," Fr. pelage, soup, that which is cooked in a pot)

porridge mixed with large quantities of red See also:

pepper. The Hausa attribute their superiority in strength to the fact that they live on guinea corn instead of yams and bananas, which form the See also:

STAPLE

staple food of the tribes on the river Niger. The Hausa carried on See also:

agriculture chiefly by slave labour; they are themselves See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born traders, and as such are to be met with in almost every See also:

PART

part of See also:

Africa See also:

north of the See also:

EQUATOR (Late Lat. aequator, from aequare, to make equal)

equator. Small colonies of them are to be found -m towns as far distant from one another as See also:

LAGOS

Lagos, See also:

TUNIS

Tunis, See also:

Tripoli, See also:

Alexandria and See also:

SUAKIN, or SAWAKIN

Suakin. See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

Language.—The I-Iausa language has a wider range over Africa north of the equator, See also:

south of See also:

BARBARY

Barbary and west of the valley of the See also:

Nile, than any other See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue. It is a See also:

rich sonorous language, with a vocabulary containing perhaps 10,000 words. As an example of the richness of the vocabulary See also:

Bishop See also:

CROWTHER, SAMUEL ADJAI (18o9?—1895)

Crowther mentions that there are eight names for different parts of the See also:

clay from cockcrow till after sunset.

About a third of the words are connected with Arabic roots, nor are these such as the llausa could well have borrowed in anything like See also:

RECENT

recent times from the See also:

ARABS

Arabs. Many words representing 69 with great success. In 1842 See also:

Hauptmann obtained the position of cantor at the See also:

Thomas-school of See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig (long previously occupied by the great Johann See also:

Sebastian See also:

Bach) together with that of See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at the See also:

CONSERVATOIRE (the Fr. equivalent of Ital. Conservatorio, Ger. Conservatorium, from Med. Lat. conservatorium, a place where anything is preserved, Lat. conservare, to preserve)

conservatoire, and it was in this capacity that his unique See also:

GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift as a teacher developed itself and was acknowledged by a See also:

CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd of enthusiastic and more or less distinguished pupils. He died on the 3rd of See also:

JANUARY

January 1868, and the universal regret See also:

FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt at his See also:

DEATH

death at Leipzig is said to have been all but equal to that caused by the loss of his friend Medelssohn many years before. Hauptmann's compositions are marked by symmetry and perfection of workmanship rather than by spontaneous invention. Amongst his vocal compositions by far the most important portion of his See also:

WORK

work—may be mentioned two masses, choral songs for mixed voices (Op. 32, 47), and numerous part songs. The results of his scientific See also:

RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research were embodied in his See also:

BOOK

book See also:

Die Natur der Harmonik and Metrik (1853), a See also:

standard work of its See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, in which a philosophic explanation of the forms of See also:

MUSIC

music is attempted.

End of Article: HAUSA

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