|
CULDEES , an See also:ancient monastic See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order with settlements in See also:Ireland and See also:Scotland. It was See also:long fondly imagined by See also:Protestant and especially by Presbyterian writers that they had preserved See also:primitive See also:Christianity See also:free from See also:Roman corruptions in one remote corner of western See also:Europe, a view enshrined in See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell's Reullura:
" See also:Peace to their shades. The pure Culdees Were Albyn's earliest priests of See also:God, Ere yet an See also:island of her seas
By See also:foot of Saxon See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk was trod."
Another view, promulgated like the above by See also:Hector See also:Boece in his Latin See also:history of Scotland (1516), makes them the See also:direct successors in the 9th to the 12th See also:century of the organized Irish and See also:Iona See also:monasticism of the 6th to the 8th century. Both these views were disproved by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Reeves (1815-1892), See also:bishop of Down, See also:Connor and See also:Dromore.
As found in the Irish See also:MSS. the name is Cele De, i.e. God's comrade or sworn ally. It was latinized as See also:Coll dei, whence Boece's culdei. The See also:term seems, like the Latin vir dei, to have been applied generally to monks and hermits. There are very few trustworthy ancient See also:sources of See also:information, but it seems probable that the See also:Rule of Chrodegang,' See also:archbishop of See also:Metz (d. 766), was brought by Irish monks to their native See also:land from the monasteries of See also:north-eastern See also:Gaul, and that Irish anchorites originally unfettered by the rules of the See also:cloister See also:bound themselves by it. In the course of the 9th century we find mention of nine places in Ireland (including See also:Armagh, See also:Clonmacnoise, See also:Clones, Devenish and See also:Sligo) where communities of these Culdees were established as a See also:kind of annexe to the See also:regular monastic institutions. They seem especially to have had the care of the poor and the sick, and were interested in the musical See also:part of See also:worship. Meanwhile in Scotland the Iona monks had been expelled by the Pictish See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king Nechtan in 717, and the vacancies thus caused were by no means filled by the Roman , monks who thronged into the north from See also:Northumbria. Into
1 Devised originally for the See also:clergy of Chrodegang's See also:cathedral, it was largely an See also:adaptation of St See also:Benedict's rule to See also:secular clergy living in See also:common. In 816 it was confirmed, with.certain modifications, by the See also:synod of See also:Aix-la-Chapelle, and became the See also:law for collegiate and cathedral churches in the Frankish See also:empire. See See also:CANON.the See also:gap, towards the end of the 8th century, came the Culdees from Ireland. The features of their See also:life in Scotland, which is the most important See also:epoch in the history of the order, seem to resemble closely those of the secular canons of See also:England and the See also:continent. From the outset they were more or less isolated, and, having no fixed forms or common See also:head, tended to decay. In the 12th century the See also:Celtic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church was completely metamorphosed on the Roman See also:pattern, and in the See also:process the Culdees also lost any distinctiveness they may formerly have had, being brought, like the secular clergy, under canonical rule.. The pictures that we have of Culdee life in the 12th century vary considerably. The See also:chief houses in Scotland were at. St See also:Andrews, See also:Dunkeld, Lochleven, Monymusk in See also:Aberdeenshire, See also:Abernethy and See also:Brechin. Each was an See also:independent See also:establishment See also:con-trolled entirely by its own See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot and apparently divided into two sections, one priestly and the other See also:lay and even married. At St Andrews about the See also:year 'too there were thirteen Culdees holding See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office by hereditary See also:tenure and paying more regard to their own prosperity and aggrandizement than to the services of the church or the needs of the populace. A much-needed measure of reform, inaugurated by See also:Queen See also:Margaret, was carried through by her sons. See also:Alexander I. and See also:David I.; gradually the whole position passed into. the hands of.See also:Turgot and his successors in the bishopric. Canons Regular were instituted and some of the Culdees joined the new order. Those who declined were allowed a life-See also:rent of their revenues and lingered on as a See also:separate but ever-dwindling See also:body till the beginning of the 14th century, when, excluded from voting at the See also:election of the bishop, they disappear from history. At Dunkeld, Crinan, the grandfather of See also:Malcolm Canmore, was a lay abbot, and tradition says that even the clerical members were married, though like the priests of the Eastern Church, they lived apart from their wives during their term of sacerdotal service. The Culdees of Lochleven lived on St Serf's See also:Inch, which had been given them by a Pictish See also:prince, Brude, about 85o. In 1093 they surrendered their island to the bishop of St Andrews in return for perpetual See also:food and clothing, but See also:Robert, who was bishop in 1144, handed over all their See also:vestments, books,2 and other See also:property, with the island, to the newly founded Canons Regular, in which probably the Culdees were incorporated. There is no trace of such partial See also:independence as was experienced at St Andrews itself, possibly because the bishop's See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant was backed up by a royal See also:charter. In the same See also:fashion the Culdees of Monymusk, originally perhaps a' See also:colony from St Andrews, became Canons Regular of the Augustinian order See also:early in the 13th century, and those of Abernethy in 1273. At Brechin, famous like Abernethy for its See also:round See also:tower, the Culdee See also:prior and his monks helped to See also:form the See also:chapter of the See also:diocese founded by David I. in 1145, though the name persisted for a See also:generation or two. Similar absorptions no doubt See also:account for the disappearance of the Culdees of See also:York, a name See also:borne by the canons of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's about 925, and of See also:Snowdon and See also:Bardsey Island in north See also:Wales mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis (c. 1190) in his See also:Speculum Ecclesiae and See also:Itinerarium respectively. The former community was, he says, sorely oppressed by the covetous See also:Cistercians. These seem to be the only cases where the Culdees are found in England and Wales. In Ireland the Culdees of Armagh endured until the See also:dissolution in 1541, and enjoyed a fleeting resurrection in 16.27, soon after which their ancient property passed to the vicars choral of the cathedral.
See W. Reeves, The Culdees of the See also:British Islands (See also:Dublin, 1864) ; W. F. See also:Skene, Celtic Scotland (876-1880), especially vol. ii.; W. Beveridge, Makers of the Scottish Church (1908). The older view will be found in J. See also:Jamieson's See also:Historical Account of the Ancient Culdees (181:1).
End of Article: CULDEES
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!