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ARMAGH

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 562 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ARMAGH , a See also:

city and See also:market See also:town, and the See also:county town of Co. Armagh, See also:Ireland, in the See also:mid See also:parliamentary See also:division, 891 m. N.N.W. of See also:Dublin by the See also:Great See also:Northern railway, at the junction of the See also:Belfast-See also:Clones See also:line. Pop. (1901) 7588. It is said to derive its name of Ard-macha, the See also:Hill of Macha, from See also:Queen Macha of the See also:Golden See also:Hair, who flourished in the See also:middle of the 4th See also:century c_. but earlier it was named from its situation on the sides of aARMAGNAC steep hill called Drumsailech, or the Hill of Sallows, which rises in the midst of a fertile See also:plain near the Callan stream. Of high antiquity, and, like many other Irish towns, claiming (with considerable See also:probability) to have been founded by St See also:Patrick in the 5th century, it See also:long possessed the more important distinction of being the See also:metropolis of Ireland; and, as the seat of a flourishing See also:college, was greatly frequented by students from other lands, among whom the See also:English and Scots were said to have been so numerous as to give the name of Trian-Sassanagh, or Saxon See also:Street, to one of the quarters of the city. St Patrick's See also:bell, long preserved at Armagh, the See also:oldest Irish relic of its See also:kind, is now, with its See also:shrine of the See also:year 1091, preserved in the museum of the Royal Irish See also:Academy at Dublin. Of a See also:synod that was held at Armagh as See also:early as 448, there is an interesting memorial in the See also:Book of Armagh, an Irish MS. dating about A.D. 800. Exposed to the successive calamities of the Danish incursions, the English See also:conquest and the English See also:wars, and at last deserted by its bishops, who retired to See also:Drogheda, the See also:venerable city sank into an insignificant collection of cabins, with a dilapidated See also:cathedral. From this See also:state of decay, however, it was raised, in the second See also:half of. the 18th century, by the unwearied exertions of See also:Arch-See also:bishop See also:Richard See also:Robinson, 1st See also:Lord Rokeby (1709-1794), which, seconded by similar devotion on the See also:part of succeeding archbishops of the See also:Beresford See also:family, notably See also:Archbishop Lord See also:John See also:George Beresford (1773-1862), made of Armagh one of the best built and most respectable towns in the See also:country.

As the ecclesiastical metropolis and seat of an archbishop (See also:

Primate of all Ireland) in both the See also:Protestant and See also:Roman organizations, it possesses two cathedrals and two archiepiscopal palaces. As the county town Armagh has a See also:court-See also:house, a See also:prison, a lunatic See also:asylum and a county infirmary. Besides these there is a See also:fever See also:hospital, erected by Lord John George Beresford; a college, which Primate Robinson was anxious to raise to the See also:rank of a university; a public library founded by him, an See also:observatory, which has become famous from the efficiency of its astronomers; a number of churches and See also:schools, and See also:barracks. Almost all the buildings are built of the See also:limestone of the See also:district, but the See also:Anglican cathedral is of red See also:sandstone. It stands boldly on the See also:top of the hill, a cruciform structure dating from the 13th, but practically rebuilt in the 18th century, in accordance with its See also:original See also:plan. The Roman See also:Catholic cathedral is in the Decorated See also:style, and was consecrated in 1873. Armagh was a parliamentary See also:borough until 1885; and, having been incorporated in 1613, so remained until 1835. The See also:administration is in the hands of an See also:urban district See also:council. Two See also:miles W. of Armagh is Emain, Emania, or See also:Navan Fort, with large entrenchments and mounds, the site of a royal See also:palace of See also:Ulster, founded by that Queen Macha who gave her name to the city. In A.D. 335 it was destroyed during the inroad on the defeat of the See also:king of Ulster by the three See also:brothers Colla, See also:cousins of Muredach, king of Ireland. Armagh itself See also:fell before the king See also:Brian Boroime, who was buried here; and before See also:Edward See also:Bruce in 1315, while previous to the English See also:war after the See also:Reformation, it had witnessed the struggles of See also:Shane O'See also:Neill (1564).

End of Article: ARMAGH

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