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BANBURY

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 307 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BANBURY , a See also:

market-See also:town and municipal See also:borough in the Banbury See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Oxfordshire, See also:England, on the See also:river Cherwell and the See also:Oxford See also:canal, 86 m. N.W. of See also:London by the See also:northern See also:line of the See also:Great Western railway. Pop. (1901 12,968. The canal communicates northward with the See also:Grand Junction and See also:Warwick canals, and there are See also:branch lines of the Great Central railway to the See also:main line at See also:Woodford, and of the London &. See also:North-Western railway to Bletchley: The town is the centre of a See also:rich agricultural See also:district, and there is a large manufacture of agricultural implements; while other See also:industries include rope and See also:leather See also:works and See also:brewing. Banbury cakes, consisting of a See also:case of pastry containing a mixture of currants, have a reputation of three centuries' See also:standing. A magnificent See also:Gothic See also:parish See also:church was destroyed by See also:fire and See also:gunpowder in 1790 to make way for a See also:building of little merit in See also:Italian See also:style. The See also:ancient Banbury See also:Cross, celebrated in a See also:familiar nursery See also:rhyme, was destroyed by Puritans in 161o. During the 17th See also:century the inhabitants of Banbury seem to have been zealous Puritans, and are frequently satirized by contemporary dramatists. At a somewhat earlier See also:period the See also:grammar school, now See also:extinct, was of such repute as to be chosen as the See also:model for the constitution of the school of St See also:Paul's. A school of See also:science was erected in ,861, and there is a municipal secondary and technical school.

Some See also:

fine old timbered houses remain in the streets. Of the See also:castle built in 1125 there are only the barest traces. Wroxton See also:Abbey, 2 M. N.W., shows slight remains of the originalAugustinian priory; but the See also:present beautiful gabled building, picturesquely situated, See also:dates mainly from ,618. See also:Broughton Castle, 21m. S.W., is the most noteworthy See also:house in the See also:county. The oblong See also:block of buildings, fronted by lawns, is surrounded by a See also:moat and protected by a See also:gate-house, See also:part of which dates from 1301, at which date the See also:chapel and a part of the house were also built. There is also See also:work of the 15th century and the Elizabethan period. The house is the seat of See also:Lord Saye and Sele, having been in the See also:Fiennes See also:family since the reign of See also:Henry VII. (1485—1509). Here See also:Pym and See also:Hampden and other leaders of the Parliamentarians were wont to meet in 164o. Without the gate is a fine Decorated church.

Banbury is governed by a See also:

mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. See also:Area, 4633 acres. In the See also:year 556 Banbury (Beranbyrig, Banesberie) was the See also:scene of a See also:battle between Cynric and See also:Ceawlin and Britons. It was assessed at 5o hides in the Domesday survey and was then held by the See also:bishop of See also:Lincoln. Allusions to the market occur as See also:early as 1138, and Henry II. by See also:charter confirmed a market on See also:Thursday and granted a See also:fair at Whitsun. The first charter of See also:incorporation was granted by See also:Queen See also:Mary in 1553, and instituted a See also:common See also:council consisting of a See also:bailiff, 12 aldermen and 12 See also:chief burgesses;'a See also:court of See also:record, one See also:justice of the See also:peace, a Thursday market and two See also:annual fairs. See also:James I. confirmed this charter in ,6o8. with some additions, including a weekly See also:wool-market, a See also:horse-market and two additional annual fairs. Both these charters were surrendered in 1683 in favour of a new charter, but were resumed in 1688. In 1718 See also:George I. granted a new charter, which held until the Municipal Corporations See also:Act of 1835. From the date of Queen Mary's charter until the Re-See also:distribution of Seats Act of 1885 the borough was represented by one member in See also:parliament. See See also:Alfred Beesley, See also:History of Banbury (London, 1841).

End of Article: BANBURY

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