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CAROLINGIANS

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 381 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAROLINGIANS , the name of a See also:

family (so called from See also:Charlemagne, its most illustrious member) which gained the See also:throne of See also:France A.D. 751. It appeared in See also:history in 613, its origin being traced_to See also:Arnulf .(Arnoul), See also:bishop of See also:Metz, and See also:Pippin, See also:long called Pippin of See also:Landen, but more correctly Pippin the Old or Pippin I. Albeit of illustrious descent, the genealogies which represent Arnulf as an Aquitanian See also:noble, and his family as connected—by more or less complicated devices—with the See also:saints honoured in See also:Aquitaine, are worthless, dating from the See also:time of See also:Louis the Pious in the 9th See also:century. Arnulf was one of the Austrasian nobles who appealed to See also:Clotaire II., See also:king of See also:Neustria, against See also:Brunhilda, and it was in See also:reward for his services that he received from Clotaire the bishopric of Metz (613). Pippin, also an Austrasian noble, had taken a prominent See also:part in the. revolution of 613. These two men Clotaire took as his counsellors; and when he decided in 623 to confer the See also:kingdom of See also:Austrasia upon his son Dagobert, they were appointed mentors to the Austrasian king, Pippin with the See also:title of See also:mayor of the See also:palace. Before receiving his bishopric, Arnulf had had a son Adalgiselus, afterwards called Anchis; Pippin's daughter, called Begga in later documents, was married to Arnulf's son, and of this See also:union was See also:born Pippin II. Towards the end of the 7th century Pippin II., called incorrectly Pippin of Heristal, secured a preponderant authority in Austrasia, marched at the See also:head of the Austrasians against Neustria, and gained a decisive victory at Tertry, near St Quentin (687). From that date he may be said to have been See also:sole See also:master of the Frankish kingdom, which he governed till his See also:death (714). In Neustria Pippin gave the mayoralty of the palace to his son Grimoald, and afterwards to Grimoald's son Theodebald;. the mayoralty in Austrasia he gave to his son Drogo, and subsequently to Drogo's See also:children, Arnulf and See also:Hugh. See also:Charles Martel, however, a son of Pippin by a concubine ChalpaIda, seized the mayoralty in both kingdoms, and he it was who continued the Carolingian See also:dynasty.

Charles Martel governed from 714 to 741 , and in 751 his son Pippin III. took the title of king, The Carolingian dynasty reigned in France from 751 to 987, when it was ousted by the Capetian dynasty. In See also:

Germany descendants of Pippin reigned till the death of Louis the See also:Child in 911; in See also:Italy the Carolingians maintained their position until the deposition of Charles the See also:Fat in 887. Charles, See also:duke of See also:Lower See also:Lorraine, who was thrown into See also:prison by Hugh See also:Capet in 991, See also:left two sons, the last male descendants of the Carolingians, See also:Otto, who was also duke of Lower Lorraine and died without issue, and Louis, who after the See also:year soon vanishes from history. See P. A. F. See also:Gerard and L. A. Warnkonig, Histoire See also:des Carolingiens (See also:Brussels, 1862) ; H. E. Bonnell, Anfange des Karoling. Hauses (See also:Berlin, 1866); J.

F. See also:

Bohmer and E. Muhlbacher, Regesten d. Kaiserreichs unter d. Karolingern (See also:Innsbruck, 1889 seq.); E. Muhlbacher, Deutsche Gesch. unter d. Karolingern (See also:Stuttgart, 1896) ; F. See also:Lot, See also:Les Derniers Carolingiens (See also:Paris, 1891). (C. Pe.) CAROLUS-See also:DURAN, the name adopted by the See also:French painter Charles Auguste Emile See also:Durand (1837– ), who was born at See also:Lille on the 4th of See also:July 1837. He studied at the Lille See also:Academy and then went to Paris, and in 1861 to Italy and See also:Spain for further study, especially devoting himself to the pictures of Velasquez. His subject picture " Murdered," or " The Assassina- . tion " (1866), was one of his first successes, and is now in the Lille museum, but he became best known afterwards as a portrait-painter, and as the head of one of the See also:principal ateliers in Paris, where some of the most brilliant artists of a later See also:generation were his pupils.

His " See also:

Lady with the See also:Glove " (1869), a portrait of his own wife,'was bought for the Luxembourg. In 1889 he was made a See also:commander of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour. He became a member of the See also:Academic des See also:Beaux-arts in 1904, and in the next year was appointed director of the French academy at See also:Rome in See also:succession to See also:Eugene See also:Guillaume.

End of Article: CAROLINGIANS

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