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STUTTGART

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1055 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STUTTGART , a See also:

city of See also:Germany, See also:capital of the See also:kingdom of See also:Wurttemberg. It lies in a See also:basin watered by the Nesenbach just above its confluence with the See also:Neckar, 115 m. N.W. from See also:Munich, and at the centre of a network of See also:railways placing it in See also:direct communication with all the See also:principal towns of See also:south Germany. Pop. (1905), 249,443, of whom about one-See also:half reside in the suburbs of See also:Cannstatt, See also:Berg, Gaisburg, Gablenburg and others. Charmingly situated among See also:vine-clad and wooded hills, Stuttgart stands at a height of nearly goo ft. above the See also:sea and enjoys a healthy See also:climate. It is intersected from south-See also:west to See also:north-See also:east by the See also:long and handsome Konigsstrasse, dividing it into an upper and a See also:lower See also:town. In all its See also:main features it is essentially a See also:modern town, and few of its principal buildings are older than the 19th See also:century. Many of them,however, are of considerable architectural importance and the revival of the See also:Renaissance See also:style is perhaps illustrated nowhere better than in Stuttgart. The lower, or south-eastern, See also:part contains both the small See also:group of streets belonging to old Stuttgart, and also the most important part of the new town. Of the numerous churches in the city the most interesting are the Stiftskirche, with two towers, a See also:fine specimen of 15th-century See also:Gothic; the Leonhardskirche, also a Gothic See also:building of the 15th century; the Hospitalkirche, restored in 1841, the cloisters of which contain the See also:tomb of Johann See also:Reuchlin; the fine modern Gothic See also:church of St See also:John; the new See also:Roman See also:Catholic church of St See also:Nicholas; the Friedenskirche; and the See also:English church. A large proportion of the most prominent buildings are clustered See also:round the spacious Schlossplatz, with its fine promenades.

Among these are the new See also:

palace, an imposing structure of the 18th century, finished in 1807; the old palace, a 16th-century building, with a picturesque arcaded See also:court; the Konigsbau, a huge modern building with a fine See also:colonnade, containing See also:ball and See also:concert rooms; the so-called Akademie, formerly the seat of the Karlschule, where See also:Schiller received part of his See also:education, and now containing the royal library; and the court See also:theatre, destroyed by See also:fire in 1902, and subsequently rebuilt. In the centre of the Schlossplatz is the lofty See also:jubilee See also:column, erected in 1841 in memory of the See also:king of Wurttemberg, See also:William I., and in the courtyard of the old palace is a See also:bronze equestrian statue of See also:Duke See also:Eberhard the Bearded. On or near the Schlossplatz also are the new courts of See also:justice; the Wilhelmspalast and the palace of the See also:crown See also:prince; the large royal stables; the new See also:post See also:office; and the central railway station, one of the handsomest structures of the See also:kind in Germany. The city contains a fine statue of Schiller, designed by Thorvaldsen; a bronze statue of See also:Christopher, duke of Wurttemberg; a See also:monument to the See also:emperor William I.; an equestrian statue of King William I. in the court of the museum of the plastic arts; and a large monumental See also:fountain in the Eugensplatte. Other prominent buildings are: the See also:Queen See also:Olga buildings, erected in 1893–1895 in the Renaissance style; the See also:national See also:industrial museum (r8go–1896) in the See also:late Renaissance style, flanked by two See also:cupola-crowned towers and decorated with medallions of famous Swabians; the magnificent new town-See also:hall; and the railway viaduct across the valley of the Neckar, 740 yds. long. The See also:art collections of Stuttgart are numerous and valuable. The museum of art comprises a picture See also:gallery, a collection of casts of Thorvaldsen's See also:works and a See also:cabinet of engravings. The royal library contains about 400,000 printed volumes, including one of the largest collections of Bibles in the See also:world, and also about 20,000 See also:MSS., many of See also:great rarity. To these may be added the industrial museum, the cabinet of coins, the museum of natural See also:history, the collection of See also:majolica vases in the new palace, and the Wurttemberg museum of antiquities. The city also contains numerous excellent educational establishments, although the See also:state university is not here but at See also:Tubingen, and its conservatorium of See also:music has long been renowned. The technical high school, which since 1899 has possessed the right to confer the degree of See also:doctor of See also:engineering, practically enjoys See also:academic status and so do the veterinary high school and the school of art. Stuttgart is the centre of the See also:publishing See also:trade of south Germany, and it has busy See also:industries in everything connected with the See also:production of books.

Its other manufactures include machinery, pianos and other musical See also:

instruments, See also:cotton goods, cigars, • See also:furniture, See also:leather, See also:paper, See also:colours and chemicals. Its trade also in books, hops, horses, and See also:cloth is considerable, and a large banking and See also:exchange business is done here. The beauty of its situation and its educational advantages attract numerous See also:foreign residents, especially English and See also:American. Stuttgart is the headquarters of the XIII. See also:corps of the See also:German See also:army, and contains a fairly large See also:garrison for which See also:accommodation is provided in the extensive See also:barracks in and around the city. To the north-east of the new palace lies the beautiful palace See also:park, embellished with statuary and artificial sheets of See also:water, and extending nearly all the way to Cannstatt, a distance of over two See also:miles. Cannstatt, which was incorporated with Stuttgart in 1903, attracts numerous visitors owing to its beautiful situation on the Neckar and its saline and chalybeate springs. In the environs of Stuttgart and Cannstatt See also:lie Rosenstein, Wilhelma and other residences of the royal See also:family of Wurttemberg. Stuttgart seems to have originated in a See also:stud (Staten Garten) of the See also:early See also:counts of Wurttemberg, and is first mentioned in a document of 1229. Its importance, however, is of comparatively modern growth and in the early history of Wurttemberg it was overshadowed by Cannstatt, the central situation of which on the Neckar seemed to See also:mark it out as the natural capital of the See also:country. After the destruction of the See also:castle of Wurttemberg early in the 14th century, See also:Count Eberhard transferred his See also:residence to Stuttgart, which about 1500 became the recognized capital of Wurttemberg. But even as capital its growth was slow. At the beginning of the 19th century it did not contain 20,000 inhabitants, and its real advance began with the reigns of See also:Kings See also:Frederick and William I., who exerted themselves in every way to improve and beautify it.

In 1849 Stuttgart was the See also:

place of See also:meeting of the See also:assembly called the Runt pfparlamenl. See See also:Pfaff, Geschichte der Stadt Stuttgart (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1845–1847); Wochner, Stuttgart seit 25 Jahren (Stuttgart, 1871); Seytter, Unser Stuttgart, Geschichte, See also:Sage and Kultur (Stuttgart, 1903); J. See also:Hartmann, Chronik der Stadt Stuttgart (Stuttgart, 1886) ; See also:Barth, Stuttgarter See also:Handel in alter Zeit (Stuttgart, 1896) ; Widmann, Wanderung durch Stuttgart and Umgebung (Stuttgart, 1896) ; M. See also:Bach, Stuttgarter Kunst 1794–7860 (Stuttgart, 1900) ; Weinberg, Parer durch See also:die See also:Haupt- and Residenzstadt Stuttgart (Stuttgart, 1906); M. Bach and C. Lotter, Bilder aus Alt-Stuttgart (Stuttgart, 1896) ; and the See also:official Chronik der Haupt- and Residenzstadt Stuttgart (1898, seq.).

End of Article: STUTTGART

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