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See also:BERG (Ducatus Montensis) , a former duchy of See also:Germany, on the right See also:bank of the See also:Rhine, bounded N. by the duchy of See also:Cleves, E. by the countship of La Marck and the duchy of See also:Westphalia, and S. and W. by the bishopric of See also:Cologne. Its See also:area was about 1120 sq. m. The See also:district was raised in 1108 to the See also:rank of a countship, but did not become a duchy till 138o, after it had passed into the See also:possession of the See also:Julich See also:family. In 1423 the duchy of Julich See also:fell to Adolf of Berg, and in 143; the countship
of Ravensberg was See also:united to the duchies. The male See also:line of the See also:dukes of Julich-Berg-Ravensberg became See also:extinct in 1511, and the duchy passed by See also:marriage to See also:John III. (d. 1539), See also:duke of Cleves and See also:count of La Marck, whose male line became extinct with the See also:death of John See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, See also:bishop of See also:Munster, in 1609. Of the latter's four sisters, the eldest (See also:Marie Eleonore) was married to See also:Albert See also:Frederick, duke of See also:Prussia, the second (See also:Anna) to See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, count See also:palatine of See also:Neuburg, the third (Magdalena) to John, count palatine of See also:Zweibrucken, and the See also:fourth (Sybille) to See also:Charles of See also:Habsburg, See also:margrave of Burgau. The question of the See also:succession led to a prolonged contest, which was one of the causes of the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War. It was settled in 1614 by a See also:partition, under which Berg, with Julich, was assigned to the count palatine of Neuburg, in whose line it remained till 1742, when it passed to the Sultzbach See also:branch of the See also:house of See also:Wittelsbach. On the death of Charles See also:Theodore, the last of this line, in 1799, Julich and Berg fell to See also:Maximilian See also:Joseph of Zweibrucken (Maximilian I. of See also:Bavaria), who ceded the duchies in 1806 to See also:Napoleon. Berg was bestowed by Napoleon, along with the duchy of Cleves and other possessions, on See also:Joachim See also:Murat, who See also:bore the See also:title of See also:grand-duke of Berg; and after Murat's See also:elevation to the See also:throne of See also:Naples, it was transferred to Louis, the son of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland. By the See also:congress of See also:Vienna in 1815 it was made over to Prussia.
See B. Schonneshdfer, Geschichte See also:des Bergischen See also:Landes (See also:Elberfeld, 1895) ; Stokvis, See also:Manuel d'histoire, &c. vol. iii. (See also:Leiden, 1890—1893) ; and R. Gocke, Des Grossherzogtum Berg unter Joachim Murat, Napoleon I" and Louis Napoleon, '806—1813 (Cologne, 1877).
End of Article: BERG (Ducatus Montensis)
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