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JULICH , Or JULIERS, Ducnv or. In the 9th See also:century a certain Matfried was See also:count of Julich (pagus Juliacensis), and towards the end of the 1lth century one See also:Gerhard held this dignity. This Gerhard founded a See also:family of hereditary See also:counts, who held Julich as immediate vassals of the See also:emperor, and in 1356 the See also:county was raised to the See also:rank of a duchy. The older and reigning See also:branch of the family died in 1423, when Julich passed to Adolph, See also:duke of See also:Berg (d. 1437), who belonged to a younger branch, and who had obtained Berg by virtue of the See also:marriage
of one of his ancestors. Nearly a century later See also:Mary (d. 1543) the heiress of these two duchies, married See also:John, the See also:heir of the duchy of See also:Cleves, and in 1521 the three duchies, Julich, Berg and Cleves, together with the counties of Ravensberg and La Marck, sere See also:united under John's sway. John died in 1539 and was succeeded by his son See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William who reigned until 1592.
At the beginning of the 17th century the duchies became very prominent in See also:European politics. The reigning duke, John William, was childless and insane, and several princes were only waiting for his See also:demise in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to seize his lands. The most prominent of these princes were two See also:Protestant princes, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, count See also:palatine of See also:Neuburg, who was married to the duke's See also:sister See also:Anna, and John See also:Sigismund, elector of See also:Brandenburg, whose wife was the daughter of another sister. Two other sisters were married to princes of See also:minor importance. Moreover, by virtue of an imperial promise made in 1485 and renewed in 1495, the elector of See also:Saxony claimed the duchies of Jtilich and Berg, while the proximity of the coveted lands to the See also:Netherlands made their See also:fate a See also:matter of See also:great moment to the Dutch. When it is remembered that at this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time there was a great See also:deal of tension between the See also:Roman Catholics and the Protestants, who were fairly evenly matched in the duchies, and that the rivalry between See also:France and the See also:Empire was very keen, it will be seen that the situation lacked no See also:element of discord. In See also:March 1609 Duke John William died. Having assured themselves of the support of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. of France and of the Evangelical See also:Union, Brandenburg and Neuburg at once occupied the duchies. To See also:counter this stroke and to support the Saxon claim, the emperor See also:Rudolph II. ordered some imperialist and See also:Spanish troops to seize the disputed lands, and it was probably only the See also:murder of Henry IV. in May 1610 and the See also:death of the See also:head of the Evangelical Union, the elector palatine, See also:Frederick IV., in the following See also:September, which prevented, or rather delayed, a great European See also:war. About this time the emperor adjudged the duchies to Saxony, while the Dutch captured the fortress of Julich; but for all See also:practical purposes victory remained with the " possessing princes," as Brandenburg and Neuburg were called, who continued to occupy and to administer the lands. These two princes had made a compact at See also:Dortmund in 1609 to See also:act together in See also:defence of their rights, but proposals for a marriage See also:alliance between the two houses See also:broke down and See also:differences soon arose between them. The next important step was the timely See also:conversion of the count palatine's heir, Wolfgang William of Neuburg, to Roman Catholicism, and his marriage with a daughter of the powerful Roman See also:Catholic See also:prince, Duke See also:Maximilian of See also:Bavaria. The rupture between the possessing princes was now See also:complete. Each invited See also:foreign aid. Dutch troops marched to assist the elector of Brandenburg and Spanish ones came to aid the count palatine, but through the intervention of See also:England and France See also:peace was made and the treaty of Xanten was signed in See also:November 1614. By this arrangement Brandenburg obtained Julich and Berg, the See also:rest of the lands falling to the count palatine. In 1666 the great elector, Frederick William of Brandenburg, made with William, count palatine of Neuburg, a treaty of mutual See also:succession to the duchies, providing that in See also:case the male See also:line of either See also:house became See also:extinct the other should inherit its lands.
The succession to the duchy of Julich was again a matter of See also:interest in the earlier See also:part of the 18th century. The family of the counts palatine of Neuburg was threatened with extinction and the emperor See also:Charles VI. promised the succession to Julich to the Prussian See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, Frederick William I., in return for a See also:guarantee of the pragmatic See also:sanction. A little later, however, he promised the same duchy to the count palatine of Sulzbach, a kinsman of the count palatine of Neuburg. Then Frederick the Great, having secured See also:Silesia, abandoned his claim to Jtilich, which thus passed to Sulzbach when, in 1742, the family of Neuburg became extinct. From Sulzbach the duchy came to the See also:electors palatine of the See also:Rhine, and, when this family died out in 1799, to the elector of Bavaria, the head of the other branch of the house of See also:Wittelsbach. In 1801 Julich was seized by France, and by the See also:settlement of 1815 it came into the hands of See also:Prussia.
Its See also:area was just over 160o sq. m. and its See also:population about 400,000.
See Kuhl, Geschichte der Stadt Julich; M. See also:Ritter, Sachsen and der Julicher Erbfolgestreit (1873), and Der Jiilicher Erbfolgekrieg, 76zo and 1611 (1877); A. See also:- MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
- MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
- MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
- MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
- MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
- MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
- MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
- MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
- MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
- MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)
Muller, Der Julich-Klevesche Erbfolgestreit See also:im Jahre 1614 (1900) and H. H. See also:Koch, See also:Die See also:Reformation im Herzogtum Julich 1883-1888).
End of Article: JULICH
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