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TUBINGEN

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 361 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TUBINGEN , a See also:

town of See also:Germany, in the See also:kingdom of See also:Wurttemberg, picturesquely situated on the hilly and well-wooded See also:banks of the See also:Neckar, at its junction with the Ammer and Steinlach, 22 M. See also:south of See also:Stuttgart by road and 43 M. by See also:rail. Pop. (1905), 16,809. The older town is irregularly built and unattractive, but the newer suburbs are handsome. The most conspicuous See also:building is the old ducal See also:castle of Hohentiibingen, built in 1507–1535 on a See also:hill overlooking the town, and now containing the university library of 460,000 volumes, the See also:observatory, the chemical laboratory, &c. Among the other See also:chief buildings are the See also:quaint old Stiftskirche (1469–1483), a See also:Gothic building containing the tombs of the rulers of Wurttemberg, the new aula and numerous institutes of the university, all of which are See also:modern, and the town-See also:hall dating from 1435 and restored in 1872. The university possesses a very important library. A See also:monument was erected in 1873 to the poet Johann See also:Ludwig See also:Uhland (1787–1862), who was See also:born and is buried here, and another, in 1881, to the poet Johann See also:Christian See also:Friedrich See also:Holderlin (1770-1843). Tubingen's chief claim to See also:attention lies in its famous university, founded in 1477 by See also:Duke See also:Eberhard of Wurttemberg. See also:Melanchthon was a lecturer here (1512—1518). The university adopted the reformed faith in 1534, and in 1537 a See also:Protestant theological See also:seminary, a residential See also:college—the so-called Stift—was incorporated with it. In 18r7 a See also:Roman See also:Catholic theological See also:faculty was added, with a seminary called the Konvikt, and there are now also faculties of See also:law, See also:medicine, See also:philosophy, See also:political See also:economy and natural See also:science.

The leading faculty has See also:

long been that of See also:theology, and an advanced school of theological See also:criticism, the founder and chief See also:light of which was F. C. See also:Baur, is known as the Tubingen school. The university was attended in 19o8 by 1891 students and had a teaching See also:staff of over roo. The commercial and manufacturing See also:industries of the town are slight. See also:Printing, See also:book-selling, the manufacture of surgical and scientific See also:instruments, chemicals, gloves and See also:vinegar, and the cultivation of hops, See also:fruit and vines are among the leading occupations of the inhabitants. The See also:country in the neighbourhood of Tubingen is very attractive; one of the most interesting points is the former Cistercian monastery of Bebenhausen, founded in 1185, and now a royal See also:hunting-See also:chateau. Tubingen is mentioned as a strong fortress in ro78, and was ruled from 1148 by See also:counts See also:palatine. In 1342 it was See also:purchased by the See also:count of Wurttemberg, whose descendants afterwards acquired the See also:title of duke. The treaty of Tubingen is the name given in See also:German See also:history to an arrangement made in 1514 between Duke See also:Ulrich and his subjects, by which the latter acquired various rights and privileges on See also:condition of relieving the former of his debts. The town was captured by the Swabian See also:League in 1519, by See also:Turenne in 1647, and again in 1688 by the See also:French, who destroyed the walls. See Eifert, Geschichte and Beschreibung der Stadt and Universitat Tubingen (Tiibingen,1849) ; Maier, See also:Die Musenstadt Tubingen (Tubingen, 1904) ; Tubingen and See also:seine Umgebung (Tubingen, 1887-1889).

End of Article: TUBINGEN

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