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ULRICH

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 568 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ULRICH , See also:

duke of See also:Wurttemberg (1487–1550), was a son of See also:Henry, See also:count of See also:Montbeliard (d. 1519), younger son of Ulrich V., count of Wurttemberg. He succeeded his kinsman See also:Eberhard II. as duke of Wurttemberg in 1498, being declared of See also:age in 1503. He served the See also:German See also:king, See also:Maximilian I., in the See also:war over the See also:succession to the duchy of See also:Bavaria-See also:Landshut in 1504, receiving some additions to Wurttemberg as a See also:reward; he accompanied Maximilian on his unfinished See also:journey to See also:Rome in 1508; and he marched with the imperial See also:army into See also:France in 1513. Meanwhile in Wurttemberg Ulrich had become very unpopular. His extravagance had led to a large See also:accumulation of See also:debt, and his subjects were irritated by his oppressive methods of raising See also:money. In 1514 a rising under the name of " poor See also:Conrad " See also:broke out, and was only suppressed after Ulrich had made important concessions to the estates in return for See also:financial aid. The duke's relations with the Swabian See also:league, moreover, were very See also:bad, and trouble soon came from another See also:quarter also. In 1511 Ulrich had married Sabina, a daughter of See also:Albert III., duke of Bavaria-See also:Munich, and niece of the See also:emperor Maximilian. The See also:marriage was a very unhappy one, and having formed an See also:affection for the wife of a See also:knight named Hans von See also:Hutten, a kinsman of Ulrich von Hutten, the duke killed Hans in 1515 during an altercation. Hutten's See also:friends now joined the other elements of discontent. Fleeing from her See also:husband, Sabina won the support of the emperor and of her See also:brother See also:William IV., duke of Bavaria., and Ulrich was twice placed under the imperial See also:ban.

After the See also:

death of Maximilian in See also:January 1519 the Swabian league interfered in the struggle, and Ulrich was driven from Wurttemberg, which was afterwards sold by the league to the emperor See also:Charles V. Ulrich passed some See also:time in See also:Switzerland, France and See also:Germany, occupied with brigand exploits and in service under See also:Francis I. of France; but he never lost sight of the possibility of recovering Wurttemberg, and about 1523 he announced his See also:conversion to the reformed faith. His opportunity came with the outbreak of the Peasants' War. Posing as the friend of the See also:lower orders and See also:signing himself " Ulrich the See also:peasant," his former oppressions were forgotten and his return was anticipated with joy. See also:Collecting men and money, mainly in France and Switzerland, he invaded Wurttemberg in See also:February 1525, but the Swiss in his service were recalled owing to the defeat of Francis I. of France at See also:Pavia; the peasantry were unable to give him any serious support, and in a few See also:weeks he was again a fugitive. During his See also:exile Ulrich had formed a friendship with See also:Philip, See also:landgrave of See also:Hesse; and his restoration, undertaken by Philip, is an event of some importance in the See also:political See also:history of the See also:Reformation. In 1526 Philip had declared he was anxious to restore the exiled duke, and about the same time Francis I. and See also:Zwingli had intimated their willingness to assist in a See also:general attack upon the Habsburgs. Many difficulties, however, barred the way, and it was 1J34 before Philip was prepared to strik In January of that See also:year Francis I. had definitely promised assistance; the Swabian league had just been dissolved; and, after a manifesto had been issued by Ulrich and Philip justifying the proposed undertaking, Wurttemberg was invaded in See also:April 1534. Charles V. and his brother, the German king, See also:Ferdinand I., could send but little assistance to their lieutenants, and on the 13th of May the troops of the Habsburgs were completely defeated at Lauffen. In a few weeks Ulrich was restored, and in See also:June 1534 a treaty was negotiated at Kaaden by which he was recognized as duke by Ferdinand, but was to hold Wurttemberg under See also:Austrian See also:suzerainty. After some hesitation Ulrich yielded to the solicitations of Philip, and signed the treaty in February 1535. The duke now lost no time in pressing on the teaching of the reformed doctrines of See also:Luther and Zwingli.

Many convents and monasteries were destroyed, and extensive seizures of See also:

church See also:property formed a welcome addition to his impoverished See also:exchequer. See also:Taxation, however, was so heavy that he soon lost his temporary popularity. In April 1536 he joined the league of See also:Schmalkalden, though he did not assent to some of the schemes of Philip of Hesse for attacking Charles V. In 1546 his troops fought against the emperor during the war of the league of Schmalkalden, but with disastrous results for Wurttemberg. The duchy was quickly overrun, and the duke compelled toagree to the treaty of See also:Heilbronn in January 1547. By this treaty Charles, ignoring the See also:desire of Ferdinand to depose Ulrich again, allowed him to retain his duchy, but stipulated that he should pay a large sum of money, surrender certain fortresses, and appear as a suppliant before the emperor at See also:Ulm. Having submitted under compulsion to the See also:Interim issued from See also:Augsburg in May 1548, Ulrich died on the 6th of See also:November 1550 at See also:Tubingen, where he was buried. He See also:left a son, See also:Christopher (1515-1568), who succeeded him.

End of Article: ULRICH

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ULRICI, HERMANN (1806-1884)