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ULM , a fortress-See also:city of See also:Germany, in the See also:kingdom of See also:Wurttemberg, situated on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Danube, in a fertile See also:plain at the See also:foot of the Swabian See also:Alps, 58 m. by See also:rail S.E. of See also:Stuttgart and 63 m. N.W. of See also:Munich. Pop. (19os), 51,680. Ulm still preserves the dignified and old-fashioned See also:appearance of a See also:free imperial See also:town, and contains many See also:medieval buildings of historic and of See also:artistic See also:interest. Among these are the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, of the 16th See also:century, in the Transition See also:style from See also:late See also:Gothic to See also:Renaissance, restored in See also:recent years; the Kornhaus; the Ehingerhaus or Neubronnerhaus, now containing the See also:industrial museum; and the See also:commandery of the See also:Teutonic See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. built in 1712–1718 on the site of a habitation of the order dating from the 13th century, and now used as See also:barracks. The magnificent See also:early Gothic See also:cathedral is capable of containing 30,000 See also:people. Begun in 1377, and carried on at intervals till the 16th century, the See also:building was See also:long left unfinished; but in 1844 the See also:work of restoration and completion was begun, being completed in 189o. Ulm cathedral has See also:double aisles and a pentagonal apsidal See also:choir, but no transepts. Its length (outside measurement) is 464 ft., its breadth 159 ft.; the See also:nave is 136 ft. high and 47z wide; the aisles, which are covered with See also:rich See also:net-vaulting, are 68 ft. in height. The massive and richly decorated square See also:tower in the centre of the See also:west See also:facade, which for centuries terminated in a temporary See also:spire, was completed in 189o, according to the See also:original plans, by the addition of an octagonal See also:storey and a tall open spire (528 ft.), the loftiest ecclesiastical erection in the See also:world, outstripping the twin See also:spires of See also:Cologne cathedral by 21 ft. The towers of the choir, rebuilt in the course of the restoration, are 282 ft. high. The cathedral contains some See also:fine stained See also:glass, the largest See also:organ in Germany (1856), and a number of interesting old paintings and carvings by Jorg Syrlin the See also:elder, Jorg Syrlin the younger, Burkhard Engelberger, and other masters of the Swabian school. It belongs to the See also:Protestant See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church. Trinity church See also:dates from 1617–1621, and there are also four See also:Roman See also:Catholic churches and a See also:synagogue.
The Danube, joined by the See also:Iller just above the town and by the Blau just below, here becomes navigable, so that Ulm occupies the important commercial position of a terminal See also:river-See also:port. Hence there is See also:water communication with the See also:Neckar, and so to the See also:Rhine and into the interior of See also:France. The See also:market for See also:leather and See also:cloth is important, and Ulm is famous for its vegetables (especially See also:asparagus), See also:barley, See also:beer, See also:pipe-See also:bowls and sweet cakes (Ulmer Zuckerbrot). See also:Bleaching, See also:brewing and See also:brass-See also:founding are carried on, as well as a large See also:miscellany of manufactures.
Ulm has long been a fortress of the first See also:rank. In 1844–1859 the See also:German See also:Confederation carefully fortified it, and in 1876the new German See also:Empire added a comprehensive See also:outer See also:girdle of detached forts, culminating in the powerful citadel of Wilhelmsburg. The long straight lines of See also:works which stretched to the See also:plateau of the Michelsberg and formed the outworks of the See also:main fortress on the left bank of the Danube were See also:purchased in 'goo by the municipal authorities, in order to be levelled and laid out in streets for the See also:extension of the town in this direction. The fortifications also of Neu-Ulm, on the Bavarian See also:side of the Danube, were ordered to be razed and devoted to municipal purposes. The citadel of Wilhelmsburg remains, and also the defences on the left bank of the Danube, further extended and strengthened. Ulm is the basis of operations for the German See also:army behind the See also:Black See also:Forest, and can easily shelter a force of 1oo,000 men; its See also:peace See also:garrison is 5600.
Ulm is mentioned as early as 854, and under the Carolingian sovereigns it was the See also:scene of several assemblies. It became a town in 1027, and was soon the See also:principal See also:place in the duchy of See also:Swabia. Although burned down by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry the See also:Lion, it soon recovered from this disaster and became a free imperial town in 1155. Towards the See also:close of the See also:middle ages it appears several times at the See also:head of leagues of the Swabian towns. Its See also:trade and See also:commerce prospered and in the 15th century it attained the See also:summit of its prosperity, ruling over a See also:district about 300 sq. M. in extent, and having a See also:population of about 6o,000. In 1803 it lost its freedom and passed to See also:Bavaria, being ceded to Wurttemberg in 1809. In See also:October 18o5 See also:General Mack with 23,000 Austrians capitulated here to See also:Napoleon. Ulm is remarkable in the See also:history of German literature as the spot where the See also:Meistersinger lingered longest, preserving without See also:text and without notes the traditional See also:lore of their See also:craft. In 183o there were twelve Meistersinger alive in Ulm, but in 1839 the four survivors formally made over their insignia and gild See also:property to a See also:modern singing society and closed the See also:record of the Meistergesang in Germany.
See E. Nubling, Ulms See also:Handel and Gewerbe See also:im Mittelalter (Ulm, 1892–1900) ; G. See also:Fischer, Geschichte der Stadt Ulm (Stuttgart, 1863) ; Pressel, Ulmisches Urkundenbuch (Stuttgart, 1873) ; and Ulm and sein See also:Munster (Ulm, 1877) ; Schultes, Chronik von Ulm (Stuttgart, 1881 and 1886) ; Hassler, Ulms Kunstgeschichte im Mittelalter (Stuttgart, 1872) ; and Das rote See also:Bach der Stadt Ulm, edited by C. Mollvo (1904).
End of Article: ULM
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