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See also:SWABIA, SUABIA or SuEVIA (Ger. Schwaben), one of the See also:stem-duchies of See also:medieval See also:Germany, taking its name from the Suevi, a tribe who inhabited the See also:district in the first See also:century of the See also:Christian era. Dwelling in the See also:angle formed by the See also:Rhine and the See also:Danube, they were joined by other tribes, and were called See also:Alamanni, whilst the district was called Alamannia, until about the 1th century, when the See also:form Swabia began to prevail. In 496 the Alamanni were defeated by See also:Clovis, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the See also:Franks, brought under Frankish See also:rule, and governed by See also:dukes who were dependent on the Frankish See also:kings. In the 7th century the See also:people were converted to See also:Christianity, bishoprics were founded at See also:Augsburg and See also:Constance, and in the 8th century abbeys at See also:Reichenau and St See also:Gall. The Alamanni had gradually thrown off the Frankish yoke, but in 730 See also:Charles Martel again reduced them to dependence, and his son See also:Pippin the See also:Short abolished the tribal See also:duke and ruled the duchy by two See also:counts See also:palatine, or Kammerboten.
The duchy, which was divided into gaus or counties, took about this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the extent which it retained throughout the See also:middle ages, and was bounded by the Rhine, the See also:lake of Constance, the See also:Lech and See also:Franconia. The Lech, separating Alamannia from See also:Bavaria, did not form, either ethnologically or geographically, a very strong boundary, and there was a See also:good See also:deal of inter-communion between the two races. During the later and weaker years of the Carolingian rule the counts became almost See also:independent, and a struggle for supremacy took See also:place between them and the bishops of Constance. The See also:chief See also:family in Alamannia was that of the counts of See also:Raetia, who were sometimes called margraves, and one of whom, Burkhard, was called duke of the Alaminnia. Burkhard was killed in 911, and two counts palatine, See also:Bertold and Erchanger, were accused of See also:treason, and put to See also:death by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the See also:German king See also:Conrad I. In 917, Burkhard, See also:count in Raetia, took the See also:title of duke, and was recognized as such by King See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I., the See also:Fowler, in 919. His position was virtually independent, and when he died in 926 he was succeeded by See also:Hermann, a Franconian See also:noble, who married his widow. When Hermann died in 948 See also:Otto the See also:Great gave the duchy to his own son See also:Ludolf, who had married Hermann's daughter See also:Ida; but he reduced the ducal privileges and appointed counts palatine to See also:watch the royal interests. Ludolf revolted, and was deposed, and other dukes followed in See also:quick, See also:succession. Burkhard II., son of Burkhard I., ruled from 954 to 973, Ludolf's son, Otto, afterwards duke of Bavaria, to 982, and Conrad I., a relative of Duke Hermann I., until 997. Hermann II., possibly a son of Conrad, succeeded, and, dying in 1003, was followed by his son Hermann III. During these years the Swabians were loyal to the kings of the Saxon See also:house, probably owing to the See also:influence of the bishops. Hermann III. had no See also:children, and the succession passed to Ernest, son of his eldest See also:sister Gisela and Ernest I., See also:margrave of See also:Austria. Ernest held the duchy for his son until his own death in 1015, when Gisela undertook the See also:government, and was married a second time, to Conrad, duke of Franconia, who was afterwards the German king Conrad II. When Ernest came of See also:age he quarrelled with his step-See also:father, who deposed him, and, in 1030, gave the duchy to Gisela's second son, Hermann IV. and, on his death in 1038, to Henry, his own son by Gisela. In 1045 Henry,who had become German king as Henry III., granted Alamannia to Otto, See also:grandson of the See also:emperor Otto II. and count palatine of the Rhine, and, in 1048, to Otto, count of See also:Schweinfurt. See also:Rudolph, count of Rheinfelden, was the next duke, and in 1077 he was chosen German king in opposition to the emperor Henry IV., but found little support in Swabia, which was given by Henry to his faithful adherent, See also:Frederick I., count of See also:Hohenstaufen. Frederick had to fight for his position with Bertold, son of Duke Rudolph, and the duke's son-in-See also:law, Bertold II., duke of See also:Zahringen, to whom he ceded the See also:Breisgau in 1(396. Frederick II. succeeded his father in 1105, and was followed by Frederick III., afterwards the emperor Frederick I. The earlier Hohenstaufen increased the imperial domain in Swabia, where they received steady support, although ecclesiastical influences were very strong. In 1152 Frederick I. gave the duchy to his kinsman, Frederick, count of Rothenburg and duke of Franconia, after whose death in 1167 it was held successively by three sons of the emperor, the youngest of whom, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip, was chosen German king in 1198. During his struggle for the See also:throne Philip See also:purchased support by large cessions of Swabian lands, and the duchy remained in the royal hands during the reign of Otto IV., and came to Frederick II. in 1214. Frederick granted Swabia to his son Henry, and, after his See also:rebellion in 1235, to his son Conrad, whose son See also:Conradin, setting out in 1266 to take See also:possession of See also:Sicily, pledged his Swabian See also:inheritance to See also:Ulrich II. count of See also:Wurttemberg. The duchy was ripe for See also:dissolution and, after Conradin's death, in 1268, the chief authority in Swabia See also:fell to the counts of Wurttemberg, the See also:mar-See also:graves of See also:Baden, the counts palatine of See also:Tubingen, the counts of See also:Hohenzollern and others.
When the emperor See also:Maximilian I. divided Germany into circles in 1512, one, which was practically coterminous with the duchy, was called the Swabian circle. The See also:area, which was formerly Swabia, is now covered by the See also:kingdom of Wurttemberg, the See also:grand-duchy of See also:Hesse and the western See also:part of the kingdom of Bavaria. Although the name Swabia is occasionally used in a See also:general way to denote the district formerly occupied by the duchy, the exact use of the name is now confined to a Bavarian See also:province, with its See also:capital at Augsburg.
See J. Leichtlen, Schwaben unter den Romern (See also:Freiburg, 1825) ; J. C. v. Pfister, Pragmatische Geschichte von Schwaben (See also:Heilbronn, first part, 1803, continuation to 1496, 1827).
End of Article: SWABIA, SUABIA
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