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GERARD, ETIENNE MAURICE, COUNT (1773–...

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 764 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GERARD, See also:ETIENNE See also:MAURICE, See also:COUNT (1773–1852) , See also:French See also:general, was See also:born at Damvilliers (See also:Meuse), on the 4th of See also:April 1773. He joined a See also:battalion of See also:volunteers in 1791, and served in the See also:campaigns of 1792–1793 under Generals See also:Dumouriez and See also:Jourdan. In 1795 he accompanied Bernadotte as aide-de-See also:camp. In 1799 he was promoted chef d'escadron, and in 1800 See also:colonel. He distinguished himself at the battles of See also:Austerlitz and See also:Jena, and was made general of See also:brigade in See also:November 18o6, and for his conduct in the See also:battle of See also:Wagram he was created a See also:baron. In the See also:Spanish See also:campaign of 18ro and 1811 he gained See also:special distinction at the battle of Fuentes d'Onor; and in the expedition to See also:Russia he was See also:present at See also:Smolensk and Valutina, and displayed such bravery and ability in the battle of See also:Borodino that he was made general .of See also:division. Ile won further distinction in the disastrous See also:retreat from See also:Moscow. In the campaign of 1813, in command of a division, he took See also:part in the battles of Liitzen and See also:Bautzen and the operations of See also:Marshal See also:Macdonald, and at the battle of See also:Leipzig (in which he commanded the XI. See also:corps) he was dangerously wounded. After the battle of Bautzen he was created by See also:Napoleon a count of the See also:empire. In the campaign of See also:France of 1814, and especially at La Rothiere and See also:Montereau, he won still greater distinction. After the first restoration he was named by See also:Louis XVIII. See also:grand See also:cross of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour and See also:chevalier of St Louis. In the See also:Hundred Days Napoleon made Gerard a peer of France and placed him in command of the IV. corps of the See also:Army of the See also:North.

In this capacity Gerard took a brilliant part in the battle of Ligny (see See also:

WATERLOO CAMPAIGN), and on the See also:morning of the 18th of See also:June he was foremost in advising Marshal See also:Grouchy to See also:march to the See also:sound of the guns. Gerard retired to See also:Brussels after the fall of Napoleon, and did not return to France till 1817. He sat as a member of the chamber of deputies in 1822–1824, and was re-elected in 1827. He took part in the revolution of 183o, after which he was appointed See also:minister of See also:war and named a marshal of France. On See also:account of his See also:health he resigned the See also:office of war minister in the See also:October following, but in 1831 he took the command of the See also:northern army, and was successful in thirteen days in See also:driving the army of See also:Holland out of See also:Belgium. In 1832 he commanded the besieging army in the famous scientific See also:siege of the citadel of See also:Antwerp. He was again chosen war minister in See also:July 1834, but resigned in the October following. In 1836 he was named grand See also:chancellor of the Legion of Honour in See also:succession to Marshal See also:Mortier, and in 1838 See also:commander of the See also:National See also:Guards of the See also:Seine, an office which he held till 1842. He became a senator under the empire in 1852, and died on the 17th of April in the same See also:year.

End of Article: GERARD, ETIENNE MAURICE, COUNT (1773–1852)

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