|
See also:MACDONALD, JACQUES See also:ETIENNE See also:JOSEPH See also:ALEXANDRE
(1765-1840), See also:duke of See also:Taranto and See also:marshal of See also:France, was See also:born at See also:Sedan on the 17th of See also:November 1765. His See also:father came of an old Jacobite See also:family, which had followed See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James II. to France, and was a near -relative of the celebrated See also:Flora Macdonald. In 1785 Macdonald joined the See also:legion raised to support the revolutionary party in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland against the Prussians, and after it was disbanded he received a See also:commission in the See also:regiment of See also:Dillon. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the regiment of Dillon remained eminently loyal, with the exception of Macdonald, who was in love with Mlle See also:Jacob, whose father was enthusiastic for the doctrines of the Revolution. Directly after his See also:marriage he was appointed aide-de-See also:camp to See also:General See also:Dumouriez. He distinguished himself at Jemmapes, and was promoted See also:colonel in 1793. He refused to See also:desert to the Austrians with Dumouriez, and as a See also:reward was made general of See also:brigade, and appointed to command the leading brigade in See also:Pichegru's invasion of Holland. His knowledge of the See also:country proved most useful, and he was instrumental in the See also:capture of the
Dutch See also:fleet by See also:French hussars. In 1797, having been made general of See also:division, he served first in the See also:army of the See also:Rhine and then in that of See also:Italy. When he reached Italy, the See also:peace of Campo Formio had been signed, and See also:Bonaparte had returned to France; but, under the direction of See also:Berthier, Macdonald first occupied See also:Rome, of which he was made See also:governor, and then in See also:conjunction with See also:Championnet he defeated General Mack, and revolutionized the See also:kingdom of See also:Naples under the See also:title of the Parthenopaean See also:Republic. When See also:Suvarov invaded See also:northern Italy, and was winning back the conquests of Bonaparte, Macdonald collected all the troops in the See also:peninsula and moved northwards. With but 30,000 men he attacked, at the Trebbia, Suvarov with 50,000, and after three days' fighting, during which he held the Russians at, See also:bay, and gave See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time for See also:Moreau to come up, he retired in See also:good See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to See also:Genoa. After this gallant behaviour he was made governor of See also:Versailles, and acquiesced, if he did not co-operate, in the events of the 18th See also:Brumaire. In 'Soo he received the command of the army in See also:Switzerland which was to maintain the communications between the armies of See also:Germany and of Italy. He carried out his orders to the See also:letter, and at last, in the See also:winter of 1800-I, he was ordered to See also:march over the Spliigen Pass. This achievement is fully described by Mathieu See also:Dumas, who was See also:chief of his See also:staff, and is at least as noteworthy as Bonaparte's famous passage of the St See also:Bernard before See also:Marengo, though followed by no such successful See also:battle. On his return to . See also:Paris Macdonald married the widow of General See also:Joubert, and was appointed French plenipotentiary in See also:Denmark. Returning in 18o5 he associated himself with Moreau and incurred the dislike of See also:Napoleon, who did not include him in his first creation of marshals. Till ',Soo he remained without employment, but in that See also:year Napoleon gave him the command of a See also:corps and the duties of military adviser to the See also:young See also:prince See also:Eugene See also:Beauharnais, See also:viceroy of Italy. He led the army from Italy till its junction with Napoleon, and at See also:Wagram commanded the celebrated See also:column of attack which See also:broke the See also:Austrian centre and won the victory. Napoleon made him marshal of France on the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of battle, and presently created him duke of Taranto. In i8io he served in See also:Spain and in 1812 he commanded the See also:left wing of the See also:grand army for the invasion of See also:Russia. In 1813, after sharing in the battles of Liitzen and See also:Bautzen, he was ordered to invade See also:Silesia, where See also:Blucher defeated him with See also:great loss at the Katzbach (see See also:NAPOLEONIC See also:CAMPAIGNS). After the terrible battle of See also:Leipzig he was ordered with Prince See also:Poniatowski to See also:cover the evacuation of Leipzig; after the blowing up of the See also:bridge, he managed to swim the See also:Elster, while Poniatowksi was drowned. During the defensive See also:campaign of 1814 Macdonald again distinguished himself; he was one of the marshals sent by Napoleon to take his See also:abdication in favour of his son to Paris. When all were deserting their old See also:master, Macdonald remained faithful to him. He was directed by Napoleon to give in his adherence to the new regime, and was presented by him with the sabre of See also:Murad See also:Bey for his fidelity. At the Restoration he was made a peer of France and See also:knight grand See also:cross of the order of St See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis; he. remained faithful to the new order of things during the See also:Hundred Days. In 1815 he became See also:chancellor of the Legion of See also:Honour (a See also:post he held till 1831), in 1816 See also:major-general of the royal bodyguard, and he took a great See also:part in the discussions in the See also:House of Peers, voting consistently as a moderate Liberal. In 1823 he married Mlle de Bourgony, by whom he had a son, See also:Alexander, who succeeded on his See also:death in 1840 as duke of Taranto.. From 183o his See also:life was spent in retirement at his country See also:place Courcellesle-Roi (See also:Seine et See also:Oise), where he died on the 7th of See also:September
184o-
Macdonald had none of that military See also:genius which distinguished See also:Davout, See also:Massena and See also:Lannes, nor of that military See also:science conspicuous in See also:Marmont and St Cyr, but nevertheless his campaign in Switzerland gives him a See also:rank far See also:superior to such See also:mere generals of division as See also:Oudinot and See also:Dupont. This capacity for See also:independent command made Napoleon, in spite of his defeats at the Trebbia and the Katzbach, See also:trust him with large commands till the end of his career. As a See also:man, his
See also:character cannot be spoken of too highly; no stain of See also:cruelty or faithlessness rests on him.
Macdonald was especially fortunate in the accounts of his military exploits, Mathieu Dumas and See also:Segur having been on his staff in Switzerland. See Dumas, Eoenements militaires; and Segur's rare See also:tract, Lettre sur la campagne du General Macdonald dons See also:les See also:Grisons en' 800 et r8or (1802), and Eloge (1842). His See also:memoirs were published in 1892 (Eng. trans., Recollections of Marshal Macdonald), but are brief and wanting in See also:balance.
End of Article: MACDONALD, JACQUES ETIENNE JOSEPH
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!