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See also:DAVOUT, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:NICOLAS , See also:duke of Auerstadt and See also:prince of See also:Eckmuhl (1770-1823), See also:marshal of See also:France, was See also:born at Annoux (See also:Yonne) on the loth of May 1770. His name is also, less correctly, spelt Davout and Davoust. He entered the See also:French See also:army as a sub-See also:lieutenant in 1788, and on the outbreak of the Revolution he embraced its principles. He was chef de bataillon in a volunteer See also:corps in the See also:campaign of 1792, and distinguished himself at See also:Neerwinden in the following See also:spring. He had just been promoted See also:general of See also:brigade when he was removed from the active See also:list as being of See also:noble See also:birth. He served, however, in the See also:campaigns of 1794–1797 on the See also:Rhine, and accompanied Desaix in the See also:Egyptian expedition of See also:Bonaparte. On his return he took See also:part in the campaign of See also:Marengo under See also:Napoleon, who placed the greatest confidence in his abilities, made him a general of See also:division soon after Marengo, and in 18o1 gave him a command in the consular guard. At the See also:accession of Napoleon as See also:emperor, Davout was one of the generals who were created marshals of France. As See also:commander of the III. corps of the Grande Armee Davout rendered the greatest services. At See also:Austerlitz, after a forced See also:march of See also:forty-eight See also:hours, the III. corps See also:bore the brunt of the See also:allies' attack. In the See also:Jena campaign Davout with a single corps fought and won the brilliant victory of Auerstadt against the See also:main Prussian army. (See NAPOLEONSC CAMPAIGNS.) He took part, and added to his renown, in the campaign of See also:Eylau and See also:Friedland. Napoleon See also:left him as See also:governor-general in the See also:grand-duchy of See also:Warsaw when the treaty of See also:Tilsit put an end to the See also:war (1807), and in 1808 created him duke of Auerstadt. In the war of 18o9 Davout took a brilliant part in the actions which culminated in the victory of Eckmuhl, and had an important See also:share in the See also:battle of See also:Wagram (q.v.). He was created prince of Eckmuhl about this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. It was Davout who was entrusted by Napoleon with the task of organizing the " corps of observation of the See also:Elbe," which was in reality the gigantic army with which the emperor invaded See also:Russia in 1812. In this Davout commanded the I. corps, over 70,000 strong, and defeated the Russians at Mohilev before he joined the main army, with which he continued through-out the campaign and the See also:retreat from See also:Moscow. In 1813 he commanded the See also:Hamburg military See also:district, and defended Hamburg, a See also:city See also:ill fortified and provisioned, and full of disaffection, through a See also:long See also:siege, only surrendering the See also:place on the See also:direct See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of Louis XVIII. after the fall of Napoleon in 1814.
Davout's military See also:character was on this, as on many other occasions, interpreted as cruel and rapacious, and he had to defend himself against many attacks upon his conduct at Hamburg. He was a stern disciplinarian, almost the only one of the marshals who exacted rigid and precise obedience from his troops, and consequently his corps was more trustworthy and exact in the performance of its See also:duty than any other. Thus, in the earlier days of the Grande Armee, it was always the III. corps which was entrusted with the most difficult part of the See also:work in See also:hand. The same criterion is to be applied to his conduct of See also:civil affairs. His rapacity was in reality Napoleon's, for he gave the same undeviating obedience to See also:superior orders which he enforced in his own subordinates. As for his military talents, he was admitted by his contemporaries and by later See also:judgment to be one of the ablest, perhaps the ablest, of all Napoleon's marshals. On the first restoration he retired into private See also:life, openly displaying his hostility to the Bourbons, and when See also:Nap'ol`e'on return'e'd frdni See also:Elba, Davout of one'e jd rietl him.
Appointed See also:minister of war, he reorganized the French army as far as the limited time available permitted, and he was so far indispensable to the war See also:department that Napoleon kept him at See also:Paris during the See also:Waterloo campaign. To what degree his skill and bravery would have altered the fortunes of the campaign of 1815 can only be surmised, but it has been made a ground of See also:criticism against Napoleon that he did not avail himself in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of the services of the best general he then possessed. Davout directed the gallant, but hopeless, See also:defence of Paris after Waterloo, and was deprived of his marshalate and his titles at the second restoration. When some of his subordinate generals were See also:pro-scribed, he demanded to be held responsible for their acts, as executed under his orders, and he endeavoured to prevent the condemnation of See also:Ney. After a time the hostility of the Bourbons towards Davout died away, and he was reconciled to the See also:monarchy. In 1817 his See also:rank and titles were restored, and in 1819 he became a member of the chamber of peers. He died at Paris on the 1st of See also:June 1823.
See the marquise de Blocqueville, Le Marechal Davout raconte See also:par See also:les siens et lui-mee"me (Paris, 187o–188o, 1887) ; See also:Chenier, Davout, duc d'Auerstfidt (Paris, 1866).
End of Article: DAVOUT, LOUIS NICOLAS
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