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BOUVINES , a See also:village on the See also:French-Belgian frontier between See also:Lille and Tournay, the See also:scene of one of the greatest battles of the See also:middle ages, fought on the 27th of See also:July 1214, between the forces of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France, and those of the See also:coalition formed against him, of which the See also:principal members were the See also:emperor and King See also:John of See also:England. The See also:plan of See also:campaign seems to have been designed by King John, who was the soul of the See also:alliance.; his See also:general See also:idea was to draw the French king to
the southward against himself, while the emperor See also:Otto IV., the princes of the See also:Netherlands and the See also:main See also:army of the See also:allies should at the right moment See also:march upon See also:Paris from the See also:north. John's See also:part in the. general See also:strategy was perfectly executed; the allies in the north moved slowly. While John, after two inroads, turned back to his See also:Guienne possessions on the 3rd of July, it was not until three See also:weeks later that the emperor concentrated his forces at See also:Valenciennes, and in the See also:interval Philip Augustus had See also:counter-marched northward and concentrated an army at Peronne. Philip now took the offensive himself, and in manceuvring to get a See also:good See also:cavalry ground upon which to fight he offered See also:battle (July 27), on the See also:plain See also:east of Bouvines and the See also:river Marque—the same plain on which in 1794 the brilliant cavalry See also:action of See also:Willems was fought. The imperial army accepted the See also:challenge and See also:drew up facing See also:south-westward towards Bouvines, the heavy cavalry on the wings, the See also:infantry in one See also:great See also:mass in the centre, supported by the cavalry See also:corps under the emperor himself. The See also:total force is estimated at 6500 heavy cavalry and 40,000 See also:foot. The French army (about 7000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry) took ground exactly opposite to the enemy and in a similar formation, cavalry on the wings, infantry, including the milice See also:des communes, in the centre, Philip with the cavalry reserve and the Oriflamme in See also:rear of the foot. The battle opened with a confused cavalry fight on the French right, in which individual feats of knightly gallantry were more noticeable than any See also:attempt at combined action. The fighting was more serious between the two .centres; the infantry of the See also:Low Countries, who were at this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time almost the best in existence, drove in the French; Philip led the cavalry reserve of nobles and knights to retrieve the See also:day, and after a See also:long and doubtful fight, in which he himself was unhorsed and narrowly escaped See also:death, began to drive back the Flemings. In the meanwhile the French feudatories on the See also:left wing had thoroughly defeated the imperialists opposed to them, and See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Longsword, See also:earl of See also:Salisbury, the See also:leader of this corps, was unhorsed and taken prisoner by the warlike See also:bishop of See also:Beauvais. Victory declared itself also on the other wing, where the French at last routed the Flemish cavalry and captured See also:Count See also:Ferdinand of See also:Flanders, one of the leaders of the coalition.
In the centre the battle was now between the two mounted reserves led respectively by the king and the emperor in See also:person. Here too the imperial forces suffered defeat, Otto himself being saved only by the devotion of a handful of Saxon knights. The day was already decided in favour of the French when their wings began to See also:close inwards to cut off the See also:retreat of the imperial centre. The battle closed with the celebrated stand of Reginald of See also:Boulogne, a revolted See also:vassal of King Philip, who formed a See also:ring of seven See also:hundred Brabancon pikemen, and not only defied every attack of the French cavalry, but himself made repeated charges or sorties with his small force of knights. Eventually, and long after the imperial army had begun its retreat, the gallant schiltron was ridden down and annihilated by a See also:charge of three thousand men-at-arms. Reginald was taken prisoner in the melee; and the prisoners also included two other See also:counts, Ferdinand and William Longsword, twenty-five barons and over a hundred knights. The killed amounted to about 170 knights of the defeated party, and many thousands of foot on either See also:side, of whom no accuiate See also:account can be given.
See See also:Oman, See also:History of the See also:Art of See also:War, vii. pp. 457-48o; also Kohler, Kriegsgeschichte, 6'c., i. 14o, and Delpech, Tactique au XIII° siecle, 127.
End of Article: BOUVINES
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