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MUSSELBURGH

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 95 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MUSSELBURGH , a municipal and See also:

police See also:burgh of Midlothian, See also:Scotland, 51 M. E. of See also:Edinburgh by the See also:North See also:British railway. Pop. (1901), 11,711. The burgh, which stretches for a mile along the See also:south See also:shore of the See also:Firth of Forth, is intersected by the Esk and embraces the See also:village of Fisherrow on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river. Its See also:original name is said to have been Eskmouth, its See also:present one being derived from a See also:bed of mussels at the mouth of the river. While preserving most of the See also:ancient features of its High See also:Street, the See also:town has tended to become a suburb of the See also:capital, its See also:fine See also:beach and See also:golf course hastening this development. The public buildings include the town-See also:hall (dating from 1762 and altered in 1876), the tolbooth (1590), and the See also:grammar school. Loretto School, one of the foremost public See also:schools in Scotland, occupies the site of the See also:chapel of Our See also:Lady of Loretto, which was founded in 1534 by See also:Thomas Duthie, a See also:hermit from Mt See also:Sinai. This was the favourite See also:shrine of See also:Mary of See also:Guise who betook herself hither at momentous crises in her See also:history. The 1st See also:earl of See also:Hertford destroyed it in 1544, and after it was rebuilt the Reformers demolished it again, some of its stones being used in erecting the tolbooth. In the See also:west end of the town is Pinkie See also:House, formerly a seat of the See also:abbot of See also:Dunfermline, but transformed in 1613 by See also:Lord See also:Seton.

It is a fine example of a Jacobean See also:

mansion, with a beautiful See also:fountain in the See also:middle of the See also:court-yard. The painted See also:gallery, with an elaborate See also:ceiling, too ft. See also:long, was utilized as a See also:hospital after the See also:battle of Pinkie in 1547. See also:Prince See also:Charles See also:Edward slept in it the See also:night following the fight at See also:Prestonpans (1745). Near the tolbooth stands the See also:market See also:cross, a See also:stone See also:column with a See also:unicorn on the See also:top supporting the burgh arms. At the west end of High Street is a statue of See also:David See also:Macbeth See also:Moir (" See also:Delta," 1798-1851), Musselburgh's most famous son. The antiquity of the town is placed beyond doubt by the See also:Roman See also:bridge across the Esk and the Roman remains found in its vicinity. The See also:chief bridge, which carries the high road from Edinburgh to See also:Berwick, was built by See also:John See also:Rennie in 1807. The See also:principal See also:industries include See also:paper-making, See also:brewing, the making of nets and twine, bricks, tiles and pottery, tanning and oil-refining, besides saltworks and See also:seed-crushingworks. The See also:fishery is confined to Fisherrow, where there is a See also:good See also:harbour. The Links are the See also:scene every See also:year of the Edinburgh See also:race meetings and of those of the Royal Caledonian See also:Hunt which are held every third year. See also:Archery contests also take See also:place at intervals under the auspices of the Royal See also:Company of Archers. Most of the charitable institutions—for instance, the convalescent See also:home, See also:fever hospital, home for girls and Red House home—are situated at Inveresk, about 12 m. up the Esk.

About 1 m. south-See also:

east is the site of the battle of Pinkie, and 21 M. south-east, on the See also:verge of See also:Haddingtonshire, is Carberry See also:Hill, where Mary surrendered to the lords of the See also:Congregation in 1567, the spot being still known as See also:Queen Mary's See also:Mount. Musselburgh joins with See also:Leith and Portobello (the Leith Burghs) in returning one member to See also:parliament.

End of Article: MUSSELBURGH

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