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See also:FERGUSSON, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES (18o8-r886) , Scottish writer on See also:architecture, was See also:born at See also:Ayr on the 22nd of See also:January 18o8. His See also:father was an See also:army surgeon. After being educated first at the See also:Edinburgh high school, and afterwards at a' private school at See also:Hounslow, James went to See also:Calcutta as partner in a See also:mercantile See also:house. Here he was attracted by the remains of the See also:ancient architecture of See also:India, little known or understood at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. The successful conduct of an See also:indigo factory, as he states in his own See also:account, enabled him in about ten years to retire from business and See also:settle in See also:London. The observations made on See also:Indian architecture were first embodied in his See also:book on The See also:Rock-cut Temples of India, published in 1845. The task of analysing the historic and aesthetic relations of this type of ancient buildings led him further to undertake a See also:historical and See also:critical See also:comparative survey of the whole subject of architecture in The Handbook of Architecture, a See also:work which first appeared in 1855. This did not satisfy him, and the work was reissued ten years later in a much more extended See also:form under the See also:title of The See also:History of Architecture. The chapters on Indian architecture, which had been considered at rather disproportionate length in the See also:Hand-book, were removed from the See also:general History, and the whole of this subject treated more fully in a See also:separate See also:volume, The History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, which appeared in 1876, and, although See also:complete in itself, formed a See also:kind of appendix to The History of Architecture. Previously to this, in 1862, he issued his History of See also:Modern Architecture, in which the subject was continued from the See also:Renaissance to the See also:present See also:day, the See also:period of " modern architecture " being distinguished as that of revivals and imitations of ancient styles, which began with the Renaissance. The essential difference between this and the spontaneously evolved architecture of preceding ages Fergusson was the first clearly to point out and characterize. His See also:treatise on The True Principles of Beauty in See also:Art, an See also:early publication, is a most thoughtful metaphysical study. Some of his essays on See also:special points in See also:archaeology, such as the treatise on The Mode in which See also:Light was introduced into See also:Greek Temples, included theories which have not received general See also:acceptance. His real See also:monument is his History of Architecture (later edition revised by R. Phene Spiers), which, for grasp of the whole subject, comprehensiveness of See also:plan, and thoughtful critical See also:analysis, stands quite alone in architectural literature. He received the See also:gold See also:medal of the Royal See also:Institute of See also:British Architects in 1871. Among his See also:works, besides those already mentioned, are: A Proposed New See also:System of Fortification (1849), Palaces of See also:Nineveh and See also:Persepolis restored (1851), See also:Mausoleum at See also:Halicarnassus restored (1862), See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
Tree and See also:Serpent See also:Worship (1868), See also:Rude See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
Stone Monuments in all Countries (1872), and The Temples of the See also:Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram See also:Area at See also:Jerusalem (1878). The sessional papers of the Institute of British Architects include papers by him on The History of the Pointed See also:Arch, Architecture of See also:Southern India, Architectural Splendour of the See also:City of Beejapore, On the See also:Erechtheum and on the See also:Temple of See also:Diana at See also:Ephesus.
Although Fergusson never practised architecture he took a keen See also:interest in all the professional work of his time. He was adviser with See also:Austen See also:Layard in the See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of decoration for the See also:Assyrian See also:court at the Crystal See also:Palace, and indeed assumed in 1856 the duties of general manager to the Palace See also:Company, a See also:post which he held for two years. In 1847 Fergusson had published an " See also:Essay on the Ancient See also:Topography of Jerusalem," in which he had contended that the " See also:Mosque of See also:Omar " was the identical See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church built by See also:Constantine the See also:Great over the See also:tomb of our See also:Lord at Jerusalem, and that it, and not the present church of the See also:Holy See also:Sepulchre, was the genuine See also:burial-See also:place of Jesus. The See also:burden of this contention was further explained by the publication in 186o of his Notes on the Site of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem; and The Temples of the Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram Area at Jerusalem, published in 1878, was a still completer elaboration of these theories, which are said to have been the origin of the See also:establishment of the See also:Palestine Exploration fund. His manifold activities continued till his See also:death, which took place in London on the 9th of January 1886.
End of Article: FERGUSSON, JAMES (18o8-r886)
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