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DARIEN , a See also:district covering the eastern See also:part of the See also:isthmus joining Central and See also:South See also:America. It is mainly within the See also:republic of See also:Panama, and gives its name to a gulf of the Carribbean See also:Sea. Darien is of See also:great See also:interest in the See also:history of See also:geographical See also:discovery. It was reconnoitred in the first See also:year of the 16th See also:century by Rodrigo Bastidas of See also:Seville; and the first See also:settlement was See also:Santa Maria la See also:Antigua, situated on the small Darien See also:river, See also:north-See also:west of the mouth of the Atrato. In 1513 Vasco See also:Nunez de See also:Balboa stood "silent upon a See also:peak in Darien,"1 and saw the Pacific at his feet stretching inland in the Gulf of See also:San See also:Miguel; and for See also:long this narrow See also:neck of See also:land seemed alternately to proffer and refuse a means of transit between the two oceans. The first serious See also:attempt to turn thn isthmus to permanent See also:account as a See also:trade route See also:dates from the beginning of the 18th century, and forms an interesting See also:chapter in Scottish history. In 1695 an See also:act was passed by the Scottish See also:parliament giving extensive See also:powers to a See also:company trading to See also:Africa and the Indies; and this company, under the See also:advice of one of the most remarkable economists of the See also:period, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Paterson (q.v.), determined to establish a See also:colony on the isthmus of Darien as a See also:general See also:emporium for the See also:commerce of all the nations of the See also:world. Regarded with disfavour both in See also:England and See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, the project was taken up in See also:Scotland with the See also:enthusiasm of See also:national rivalry towards England, and the " subscriptions sucked up all the See also:money in the See also:country." On the 26th of See also:July 1698 the pioneers set See also:sail from See also:Leith amid the cheers of an almost envious multitude; and on the 4th of See also:November, with the loss of only fifteen out of 1200 men, they arrived at Darien, and took up their quarters in a well-defended spot, with a See also:good See also:harbour and excellent outlook. The country they named New See also:Caledonia, and two sites selected for future cities were designated respectively New See also:Edinburgh and New St See also:Andrews. At first all seemed to go well; but by and by lack of provisions, sickness and anarchy reduced the settlers to the most miserable See also:plight; and in See also:June 1699 they re-embarked in three vessels, a weak and hopeless company, to sail whithersoever See also:Providence might See also:direct. Meanwhile a supplementary expedition had been prepared in Scotland; two vessels were despatched in May, and four others followed in See also:August. But this venture proved even more unfortunate than the former. The colonists arrived broken in See also:health; their See also:spirits were crushed
-See also:Keats, in his famous See also:sonnet beginning:—" Much have I travelled in the realms of See also:gold," of which this is the concluding See also:line, inaccurately substitutes Cortez for Balboa,.by the See also:fate of their predecessors, and embittered by the harsh fanaticism of the four ministers whom the general See also:assembly of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church of Scotland had sent out to establish a See also:regular presbyterial organization. The last addition to the settlement was the company of See also:Captain See also:Alexander See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell of Fonab, who arrived only to learn that a See also:Spanish force of 1500 or 1600 men See also:lay encamped at Tubacanti, on the river Santa Maria, waiting for the See also:appearance of a Spanish See also:squadron in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to make a combined attack on the fort. Captain Campbell, on the second See also:day after his arrival, marched with 200 men across the isthmus toTubacanti, stormed the See also:camp in the See also:night-See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and dispersed the Spanish force. On his return to the fort on the fifth day he found it besieged by the Spaniards from the men-of-See also:war; and, after a vain attempt to maintain its See also:defence, he succeeded with a few companions in making his See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape in a small See also:vessel. A See also:capitulation followed, and the Darien colony was no more. Of those who had taken part in the enterprise only a miserable handful ever reached their native land.
See J. H. See also:Burton, The Darien Papers (See also:Bannatyne See also:Club, 1849); See also:Macaulay, History of England (See also:London, 1866) ; and A. See also:Lang, History of Scotland, vol. iv. (Edinburgh, 1907).
End of Article: DARIEN
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