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See also:DOLLING, See also:ROBERT See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM RADCLYFFE (1851–1902) , See also:English divine, known as See also:Father Dolling, was See also:born at Magheralin, Co. Down, and educated at See also:Harrow and See also:Cambridge. From 1878 to 1882 he was See also:warden of one of the houses of the Postmen's See also:League, started by Father See also:Stanton of St See also:Alban's, See also:Holborn. He was ordained in 1883 to a curacy at Corscombe, See also:Dorset, but resided in See also:London as See also:head of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin's See also:mission, See also:Stepney. In 1885 a difficulty as to the relation of his. mission to See also:Holy Trinity See also:parish, Stepney, led to his resignation, and he next accepted the See also:charge of St See also:Agatha's, Landport, the See also:Winchester See also:College mission. The remarkable reforms he accomplished there may be ascertained from his Ten years in a See also:Portsmouth See also:slum (London 1896). In 1885 he again resigned, owing to the See also:bishop of Winchester's refusal to See also:sanction the extreme See also:ritual used in the service at St Agatha's. In 1897 he visited See also:America, where his See also:preaching made a See also:great impression. He returned to See also:England in the following See also:year as See also:vicar of St Saviour's, See also:Poplar, and retained that living until his See also:death.
An See also:account of Dolling's See also:person and missionary See also:work among the poor is given in The See also:Life of Father Polling (London, 1903); by the
the famous See also:Syllabus, in which he declared See also:war against See also:modern See also:science and progress (see SYLLABUS). It was in connexion with this question that Dellinger published his Past and See also:Present of See also:Catholic See also:Theology (1863) and his See also:Universities Past and Present (See also:Munich, 1867).
We now approach the See also:critical See also:period of Dellinger's life. It was about this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time that some of the leading theologians of the See also:Roman Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, conceiving that the best way of See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting present perils was to emphasize, as well as to define more clearly, the authority of the See also:pope, advised him to make his See also:personal See also:infallibility a See also:dogma of the Church, and urged strenuously on him the See also:necessity of calling a See also:council for that purpose. There was considerable opposition in various quarters. Many bishops and divines considered the proposed See also:definition a false one. Others, though accepting it as the truth, declared its promulgation to be inopportune. But the headquarters of the opposition was See also:Germany, and its See also:leader was Dellinger, whose high reputation and vast stores of learning placed him far above any other member of the See also:band of the theological experts who now gathered around him. Among them were his intimate See also:friends Johann See also:Friedrich (q.v.) and J. N. See also:Huber, in See also:Bavaria. In the See also:rest of Germany he found many supporters, chiefly professors in the Catholic See also:faculty of theology at See also:Bonn: among these were the famous canonist von Schulte, See also:Franz Heinrich See also:Reusch, the ecclesiastical historian See also:Joseph See also:Langen, as well as J.H. See also:Reinkens, afterwards bishop of the Old Catholic Church in Germany, Knoodt, and other distinguished scholars. In See also:Switzerland, See also:Professor See also:Edward See also:Herzog, who became Old (or, as it is sometimes called, See also:Christ-) Catholic bishop in Switzerland, and other learned men supported the See also:movement. See also:Early in 1869 the famous Letters of See also:Janus (which were at once translated into English; 2nd ed. Das Papsttum, 1891) began to appear. They were written by Dellinger in See also:conjunction with Huber and Friedrich, afterwards professor at Munich. In these the tendency of the Syllabus towards obscurantism and papal despotism, and its incompatibility with modern thought, were clearly pointed out; and the See also:evidence against papal infallibility, resting, as the Letters asserted, on the False See also:Decretals, and accepted without controversy in an See also:age of See also:ignorance, was ably marshalled for the guidance of the council. When, on the 8th of See also:December 1860, it had actually assembled, the See also:world was kept informed of what was going on in the Letters of See also:Quirinus, written by Dellinger and Huber while the debates of the council were proceeding. Some of these letters appeared in the See also:German See also:newspapers, and an English See also:translation was published by See also:Rivington. Augustin Theiner, the librarian at the Vatican, then in disgrace with the pope for his outspoken Liberalism, kept his German friends well informed of the course of the discussions. The proceedings of the council were frequently very stormy, and the opponents of the dogma of infallibility complained that they were not unfrequently interrupted, and that endeavours were made to put them down by clamour. The dogma was at length carried by an overwhelming See also:majority, and the dissentient bishops, who—with the exception of two—had See also:left the council before the final See also:division, one by one submitted (see VATICAN COUNCIL). Dellinger, however, was not to be silenced. He headed a protest by See also:forty-four professors in the university of Munich, and gathered together a See also:congress at See also:Nuremberg, which met in See also:August 187o and issued a See also:declaration adverse to theVatican decrees. An immense ferment took See also:place. In Bavaria, where Dellinger's See also:influence was greatest, the strongest determination to resist the resolutions of the council prevailed.
But the authority of the council was held by the See also:archbishop of Munich to be See also:paramount, and he called upon Dellinger to submit. Instead of submitting, Dellinger, on the 28th of See also:March 1871, addressed a memorable See also:letter to the See also:arch-bishop, refusing to subscribe the decrees. They were, he said, opposed to Holy Scripture, to the traditions of the Church for the first moo years, to See also:historical evidence, to the decrees of the See also:general See also:councils, and to the existing relations of the Roman Catholic Church to the See also:state in every See also:country in the world. " As a See also:Christian, as a theologian, as an historian, and as a See also:citizen," he added, " I cannot accept this See also:doctrine."
The archbishop replied by excommunicating the disobedientprofessor. This aroused fresh opposition. Dellinger was almost unanimously elected See also:rector-magnificus of the university of Munich, and See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, See also:Edinburgh and See also:Marburg universities conferred upon him the honorary degree of See also:doctor of See also:laws and See also:Vienna that of See also:philosophy. The Bavarian See also:clergy invited Bishop Loos of the Jansenist Church in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, which for more than 15o years had existed See also:independent of the Papacy and had adopted the name of " Old Catholic," to hold confirmations in Bavaria. The offer was accepted, and the bishop was received with triumphal See also:arches and other demonstrations of joy. The three Dutch Old Catholic bishops declared themselves ready to consecrate a bishop, if it were desired. The momentous question was discussed at a meeting of the opponents of the Vatican decrees, and it was resolved to elect a bishop and ask the Dutch bishops to consecrate him. Dellinger, •however, voted against the proposition, and withdrew from any further steps towards the promotion of the movement. This was the critical moment in the See also:history of the resistance to the decrees. Had Dellinger, with his immense reputation as a See also:scholar, as a divine and as a See also:man, allowed himself to be consecrated bishop of the Old Catholic Church, it is impossible to say how wide the See also:schism would have been. But he declined to initiate a schism. His refusal lost Bavaria to the movement; and the number of Bavarian sympathizers was still further reduced when the seceders, in 1878, allowed their priests to marry, a decision which Dellinger, as was known, sincerely regretted. The Old Catholic Communion, however, was formally constituted, with Reinkens at its head as bishop, and it still continues to exist (see OLD CATHOLICS).
Dellinger's attitude to the new community was not very clearly defined. It may be difficult to reconcile the two declarations made by him at different times: " I do not wish to join a schismatic society; I am isolated," and " As for myself, I consider that I belong by conviction to the Old Catholic community." The latter declaration was made some years after the former, in a letter to Pastor Widmann. The nearest approach to a reconciliation of the two statements would appear to be that while, at his advanced age, he did not wish to assume the responsibility of being head of a new See also:denomination, formed in circumstances of exceptional difficulty, he was unwilling to condemn those who were ready to See also:hazard the new departure. " By conviction " he belonged to the Old Catholics, but he never formally joined them. Yet at least he was ready to meet their leaders, to address them, and to discuss difficult problems with them. His addresses on the See also:reunion of the Churches, delivered at the Bonn See also:Conference of 1872, show that he was by no means hostile to the newly formed communion, in whose interests these conferences were held. In 1874 and again in 1875, he presided over the Reunion Conferences held at Bonn and attended by leading ecclesiastics from the See also:British Isles and from the See also:Oriental Church, among whom were Bishop See also:Christopher See also:Wordsworth of See also:Lincoln; Bishop Harold See also:- BROWNE
- BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
- BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
- BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
- BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
- BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
- BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
- BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
- BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)
Browne of See also:Ely; See also:Lord See also:Plunket, arch-bishop of See also:Dublin; See also:Lycurgus, archbishop of Syros and Tenos; See also:Canon See also:Liddon; and Professor Ossinine of St See also:Petersburg.. At the latter of these two conferences, when Dellinger was seventy-six years of age, he delivered a See also:series of marvellous addresses in German and English, in which he discussed the -state of theology on the See also:continent, the reunion question, and the religious See also:condition of the various countries of See also:Europe in which the Roman Catholic Church held sway. Not the least of his achievements on this occasion was the successful See also:attempt, made with extraordinary tact, ability, knowledge and perseverance, to induce the Orientals, Anglicans and Old Catholics present to accept a See also:formula, of See also:con See also:cord, See also:drawn from the writings of the leading theologians of the See also:Greek Church, on the See also:long-vexed question of the Procession of the Holy Spirit. This result having been attained, he passed the rest of his days in retirement, emerging sometimes from his See also:retreat to give addresses on theological questions, and also See also:writing, in conjunction with his friend Reusch, his last See also:book, Geschichte der Moralstreitigkeiten in der rbmisch-katholischen Kirche seit dem sechzehnten Jahrhundert mit Beitragen zur Geschichte and Charakteristik See also:des Jesuitenordens (See also:Nordlingen, 1889), in which he deals with the moral theology of St Alfonso de' See also:Liguori.
End of Article: DOLLING, ROBERT WILLIAM RADCLYFFE (1851–1902)
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