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day, who gradually became the god of the. beginning and origin of all things. According to some, however, he is simply the god of doorways (januae) and in this connexion is the See also:

PATRON

patron of all entrances and beginnings. According to See also:

MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, he was " the spirit of opening," and the See also:

double-See also:

head was connected with the See also:

GATE

gate that opened both ways. Others, attributing to him an See also:

ETRUSCAN

Etruscan origin, regard him as the god of the vault of See also:

HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven, which the Etruscan See also:

arch is supposed to resemble. The rationalists explained him as an old See also:

king of See also:

LATIUM

Latium, who built a citadel for himself on the Janiculum. It was believed that his See also:

WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship, which was said to have existed as a See also:

LOCAL

local cult before the See also:

FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

Rome, was introduced there by See also:

ROMULUS

Romulus, and that a See also:

temple was dedicated to him by Numa. This temple, in reality only an arch or gateway (Janus geminus) facing See also:

east and See also:

west, stood at the See also:

north-east end of the See also:

FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum. It was open during See also:

war and closed during See also:

peace (See also:

LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy i. 19) ; it was shut only four times before the See also:

Christian era. A possible explanation is, that it was considered a See also:

BAD, BCD

bad See also:

OMEN (a Latin word, either connected with os, mouth, or more probably with auris (Gr. ois, ear; apparently, meaning " a thing heard " or " spoken ")

omen to shut the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates while the citizens were outside fighting for the See also:

state; it was necessary that they should have See also:

FREE

free See also:

ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to the city, whether they returned victorious or defeated. Similarly, the See also:

DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of a private See also:

house was kept open while the members of the See also:

FAMILY

family were away, but when all were at See also:

home it was closed to keep out intruders.

There was also a temple of Janus near the See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre of See also:

MARCELLUS

Marcellus, in the forum olitorium, erected by See also:

GAIUS

Gaius See also:

DUILIUS (or DuELLTUS), GAIUS

Duilius (See also:

Tacitus, See also:

Ann. ii. 49), if not earlier. The beginning of the day (hence his epithet Matutinus), of the See also:

month, and of the See also:

YEAR

year (See also:

JANUARY

January) was sacred to Janus; on the 9th of January the festival called Agonia was celebrated in his See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour. He was invoked before any other god at the beginning of any important undertaking; his See also:

PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest was the Rex Sacrorum, the representative of the See also:

ancient king in his capacity as religious head of the state. All gateways, housedoors and entrances generally, were under his See also:

PROTECTION

protection; he was the inventor of See also:

agriculture (hence Consivius, " he who sows or See also:

PLANTS

plants "), of See also:

CIVIL

civil See also:

LAWS

laws, of the coining of See also:

MONEY

money and of religious worship. He was worshipped on the Janiculum as the See also:

PROTECTOR

protector of See also:

trade and See also:

SHIPPING

shipping; his head is found on the as, together with the See also:

PROW

prow of a See also:

SHIP

ship. He is usually represented on the earliest coins with two bearded faces, looking in opposite directions; in the See also:

time of See also:

HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian the number of faces is in-creased to four. In his capacity as See also:

porter or doorkeeper he holds a See also:

STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff in his right See also:

hand, and a See also:

key (or keys) in his See also:

LEFT

left; as such he is called Patulcius (opener) and Clusius (closer). His titles Curiatius, Patricius, See also:

QUIRINUS

Quirinus originate in his worship in the gentes, the curiae and the state, and have no reference to any See also:

SPECIAL

special functions or characteristics. In See also:

LATE

late times, he is both bearded and unbearded; in See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the staff and keys, the fingers of his right hand show the number 300 (CCC.), those of his left the number of the remaining days of the year (LXV.). According to A. B.

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