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See also:- BROWNE
- BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
- BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
- BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
- BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
- BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
- BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
- BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
- BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)
BROWNE, See also:MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, See also:COUNT VON, See also:BARON DE See also:CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757) , See also:Austrian See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field See also:marshal, was See also:born at See also:Basel on the 23rd of 'See also:October 1705. His See also:father (Ulysses Freiherr v. Browne, d. 1731) was an Irish See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile of 169o, who entered the imperial service and in 1716 was made a count
of Pickwick was in danger from the want of a capable interpreter for the illustrations. See also:Dickens knew Browne slightly as the illustrator of his little pamphlet See also:Sunday under Three Heads, and probably this slight knowledge of his See also:work stood the See also:draughts-See also:man in See also:good See also:stead. In the See also:original edition of Pickwick, issued in See also:shilling monthly parts from See also:early in 1836 until the end of 1837, the first seven plates were See also:drawn by See also:Robert See also:Seymour, a See also:clever illustrator who committed See also:suicide in See also:April 1836. The next two plates were by R. W. See also:Buss, an otherwise successful portrait-painter and lecturer, but they were so poor that a See also:change was imperative. Browne and W. M. See also:Thackeray called independently at the publishers' See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office with specimens of their See also:powers for Dickens's inspection. The novelist preferred Browne. Browne's first two etched plates for Pickwick were signed " Nemo," but the third was signed "Phiz," a See also:pseudonym which was retained in future. When asked to explain why he See also:chose this name he answered that the change from " Nemo " to "Phiz " was made " to harmonize better with Dickens's Boz." Possibly Browne adopted it to conceal his identity, hoping one See also:day to become famous as a painter. It is to be noted, however, that " Phiz " is usually attached to his better work and H. K. B. to his less successful drawings. " Phiz " undoubtedly created Sam Weiler, so far as his well-known figure is concerned, as Seymour had created Pickwick. Dickens and " Phiz " were personally good See also:friends in early days, and in 1838 travelled together to See also:Yorkshire to see the See also:schools of which See also:Nicholas Nickleby became the See also:hero; afterwards they made several journeys of this nature in See also:company to facilitate the illustrator's work. The other Dickens characters which " Phiz " realized most successfully are perhaps Squeers, Micawber, Guppy, See also:Major Bagstock, Mrs Gamp, Tom Pinch and, above all, See also:David See also:Copper-field. Of the books by Dickens which " Phiz " illustrated the best are David Copperfield, Pickwick, Dombey and Son, See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin Chuzzlewit and See also:Bleak See also:House. Browne made several drawings for See also:Punch in early days and also towards the end of his See also:life; his ,See also:chief work in this direction being the clever See also:design for the wrapper which was used for eighteen months from See also:January 1842. He also contributed to Punch's See also:Pocket Books. In addition to his work for Dickens, " Phiz " illustrated over twenty of See also:Lever's novels (the most successful being Harry Lorrequer, See also:Charles O'Malley, See also:Jack See also:Hinton and the See also:Knight of Gwynne). He also illustrated See also:Harrison See also:Ainsworth's and See also:Frank See also:Smedley's novels. Mervyn See also:Clitheroe by Ainsworth is one of the most admirable of the artist's See also:works. Browne was in continual employment by publishers until 1867, when he had a stroke of See also:paralysis. Although he recovered slightly and made many illustrations on See also:wood, they were by comparison inferior productions which the draughtsman's admirers would willingly ignore. In 1878 he was awarded an See also:annuity by the Royal See also:Academy. He gradually became worse in See also:health, until he died on the 8th of See also:July 1882.
Most of Browne's work was etched on See also:steel plates because these yielded a far larger edition than copper. Browne was annoyed at some of his etchings being transferred to See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone by the publishers and printed as lithographic reproductions. Partly with the view to prevent this treatment of his work 11e employed a See also:machine to See also:rule a See also:series of lines over the See also:plate in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to obtain what appeared to be a tint; when manipulated with See also:acid this tint gave an effect somewhat resembling See also:mezzotint, which at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time it was found practically impossible to See also:transfer to stone. The illustrations executed by Browne are particularly noteworthy because they realized exactly what the reader most desired to see represented. So skilful was he in See also:drawing and See also:composition that no See also:part of the See also:story was avoided by See also:reason of the elaborateness of the subject. Whatever was the best incident for See also:illustration was always the one selected.
See D. Croat See also:Thomson, Hablo"t Knight Browne, " Phiz": Life and Letters (See also:London, 1884) ; See also:John See also:Forster, Life of Charles Dickens (London, 1871—1874) ; F. G. Kitton, " Phiz ": A Memoir (London, 1882) ; Charles Dickens and his Illustrators (London, 1899) ; M. H. Spielmann, The See also:History of Punch (London, 1895). (D. C.
End of Article: BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
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