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HOLBORN , a central See also:metropolitan See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough of See also:London, See also:England, bounded N.W. by St Pancras, N.E. by See also:Finsbury, S.E. by the See also:City of London, S. and W. by the City of See also:Westminster and St Marylebone. Pop. (1901), 59,405. See also:Area 405.1 acres. Its See also:main thoroughfare is that See also:running E. and W. under the names of Holborn Viaduct, High Holborn and New See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford See also:Street.
The name of Holborn was formerly derived from Old See also:Bourne, a tributary of the See also:Fleet, the valley of which is clearly seen where Holborn Viaduct crosses Farringdon Street. Of the existence of this tributary, however, there is no See also:evidence, and the origin of the name is found in Hole-bourne, the stream in the hollow, in allusion to the Fleet itself. The fall and rise of the road across the valley before the construction of the viaduct (1869) was abrupt and inconvenient. In earlier times a See also:bridge here crossed the Fleet, leading from Newgate, while a See also:quarter of a mile See also:west of the viaduct is the site of Holborn Bars, at the entrance to the City, where tolls were levied. The better residential See also:district of Holborn, which extends northward to Euston Road in the borough of St Pancras, is mainly within the See also:parish of St Ge9rge, Bloomsbury. The name of Bloomsbury is commonly derived from See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Blemund, a See also:lord of the See also:manor in the 15th See also:century. A dyke called Blemund's Ditch, of unknown origin, bounded it on the See also:south, where the See also:land was marshy. During the 18th century Bloomsbury was a fashionable and wealthy residential quarter. The reputation of the district immediately to the south, embraced in the parish of St See also:Giles in the See also:Fields, was far different. From the 17th century until See also:modern times this was notorious as a See also:home of See also:crime and poverty. Here occurred some of the earliest cases of the See also:plague which spread over London in 1664-1665. The opening of the thoroughfares of New Oxford Street (1840) and See also:Shaftesbury See also:Avenue (1855) by no means wholly destroyed the See also:character of the district. The See also:circus of Seven Dials, See also:east of Shaftesbury Avenue, affords a typical name in connexion with the lowest aspect of See also:life in London. A similar notoriety attached to See also:Saffron See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill on the eastern confines of the borough. By a singular contrast, the neighbouring thoroughfare of See also:Hatton See also:Garden, leading See also:north from Holborn Circus, is a centre of the See also:diamond See also:trade.
Of the ecclesiastical buildings of Holborn that of first See also:interest is the See also:chapel of St Etheldreda in See also:Ely See also:Place, opening from Holborn Circus. Ely Place takes its name from a See also:palace of the bishops of Ely, who held land here as See also:early as the r3th century. Here died See also:John of Gaunt in 1399. The See also:property was acquired by See also:Sir See also:Christopher Hatton, Lord See also:Chancellor under See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth, after whom Hatton Garden is named; though the bishopric kept some hold upon it until the 18th century. The chapel, the only remnant of the palace, is a beautiful Decorated structure with a vaulted See also:crypt, itself above ground-level. Both are used for See also:worship by See also:Roman Catholics, by whom the chapel was acquired in 1874 and opened five years later after careful restoration. The See also:present parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St Giles in the Fields, between Shaftesbury Avenue and New
Oxford Street, See also:dates from 1734, but here was situated a leper's See also:hospital founded by See also:Matilda, wife of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I., in 11o1. Its chapel became the parish church on the suppression of the monasteries. The church of St See also:Andrew, the parish of which extends into the City, stands near Holborn Viaduct. It is by See also:Wren, but there are traces of the previous See also:Gothic edifice in the See also:tower. See also:Sacheverell was among its rectors (1713-1724), and See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Chatterton (1770) was interred in the adjacent See also:burial ground, no longer extant, of See also:Shoe See also:Lane Workhouse; the See also:register recording his See also:Christian name as William. See also:Close to this church is the City See also:Temple (Congregational).
Two of the four Inns of See also:Court, See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn and See also:- GRAY
- GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
- GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
- GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
- GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
- GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
- GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
- GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
- GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
- GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
- GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
- GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
- GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)
Gray's Inn, See also:lie within the borough. Of the first the Tudor gateway opens upon See also:Chancery Lane. The chapel, See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall and residential buildings surrounding the squares within, are picturesque, but of later date. To the west lie the See also:fine square, with public gardens, still called, from its See also:original character, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Gray's Inn, between High Holborn and See also:Theobald's Road, and west of Gray's Inn Road, is of similar arrangement. The fabric of the small chapel is apparently of the 14th century, and may have been attached to the manor See also:house of Portpool, held at that See also:period by the Lords See also:Grey of See also:Wilton. Of the former Inns of Chancery attached to these Inns of Court the most See also:note-worthy buildings remaining are those of See also:Staple Inn, of which the timbered and gabled Elizabethan front upon High Holborn is a unique survival of its character in a London thoroughfare; and of See also:Barnard's Inn, occupied by the See also:Mercer's School. Both these were attached to Gray's Inn. Of Furnival's and Thavies Inns, attached to Lincoln's Inn, only the names remain. The site of the first is covered by the fine red See also:brick buildings of the Prudential Assurance See also:Company, Holborn Viaduct. Among other institutions in Holborn, the See also:British Museum, north of New Oxford Street, is pre-eminent. The varied collections of Sir John See also:Soane, accumulated at his house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, are open to view as the Soane Museum. There may also be mentioned the Royal See also:College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, with museum; the Royal Colleges of Organists, and of Veterinary Surgeons, the College of Preceptors, the See also:Jews' College, and the Metropolitan School of Shorthand. Among hospitals are the See also:Italian, the Homoeopathic, the See also:National for the paralysed and epileptic, the Alexandra for See also:children with See also:hip disease, and the Hospital for sick children.
End of Article: HOLBORN
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