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See also:MATILDA (1046-1115) , countess or margravine of See also:Tuscany, popularly known as the See also:Great Countess, was descended from a See also:noble Lombard See also:family. Her great-grandfather, Athone of See also:Canossa, had been made See also:count of See also:Modena and Reggio by the See also:emperor See also:Otto I., and her grandfather had, in addition, acquired See also:Mantua, See also:Ferrara and See also:Brescia. Her own See also:father, See also:Boniface II.; the Pious, secured Tuscany, the duchy of See also:Spoleto, the See also:county of See also:Parma, and probably that of See also:Cremona; and was loyal to the emperor until See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry plotted against him. Through the See also:murder of Count Boniface in 1052 and the See also:death of her older See also:brother and See also:sister three years later, Matilda was See also:left, at the See also:age of nine, See also:sole heiress to the richest See also:estate in See also:Italy. She received an excellent See also:education under the care of her See also:mother, See also:Beatrice of See also:Bar, the daughter of See also:Frederick of See also:Lorraine and aunt of Henry III., who, after a brief detention in See also:Germany by the emperor, married See also:Godfrey IV. of Lorraine, brother of See also:Pope See also:Stephen IX. (1057-1058). Thenceforth Matilda's See also:lot was See also:cast against the emperor in the great struggle over See also:investiture, and for over See also:thirty years she maintained the cause of the successive pontiffs, See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory VII., See also:Victor III., See also:Urban II., See also:Paschal II., with varying See also:fortune, but with undaunted See also:resolution. She aided the pope against the See also:Normans in 1074, and in 1075 attended the See also:synod at which See also:Guibert was condemned and deprived of the archbishopric of See also:Ravenna. Her hereditary See also:fief of Canossa was the See also:scene (See also:Jan. 28, 1077) of the celebrated See also:penance of Henry IV. before Gregory VII. She provided an See also:asylum for Henry's second wife, Praxides, and urged his son See also:Conrad to revolt. against his father. In the course of the protracted struggle her villages were plundered, her fortresses demolished, and See also:Pisa and See also:Lucca temporarily lost, but she remained steadfast in her See also:allegiance, and, before her death, had, by means of a See also:league of Lombard cities which she formed, recovered all her possessions. The donation of her estates to the See also:Holy See, originally made in 1077 and renewed on the 17th of See also:November 1102, though never fully consummated on See also:account of imperial opposition, constituted the greater See also:part of the temporal dominion of the papacy. Matilda was twice married, first to Godfrey V. of Lorraine, surnamed the Hump-backed, who was the son of her step-father and was murdered on the 26th of See also:February 1076; and secondly to the 17-See also:year-old Well V. of See also:Bavaria, from whom she finally separated in 1095—both marriages of policy, which counted for little in her See also:life. Matilda was an eager student: she spoke See also:Italian, See also:French and See also:German fluently, and wrote many Latin letters; she collected a considerable library; she supervised an edition of the See also:Pandects of Justinian; and See also:Anselm of See also:Canterbury sent her his Meditations. She combined her devotion to the papacy and her learning with very deep See also:personal piety. She died after a See also:long illness at Bodeno, near Modena, on the 24th of See also:July 1115, and was buried
in the See also:Benedictine See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church at Polirone, whence her remains were taken to See also:Rome by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of Urban VIII. in 1635 and interred in St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's.
The contemporary See also:record of Matilda's life in See also:rude Latin See also:verse, by her See also:chaplain Domnizone (Donizo or Domenico), is preserved in the Vatican Library. The best edition is that of Bethmann in the Monumenta germ. his'. scriptores, xii. 348-409. The See also:text, with an Italian See also:translation, was published by F. Davoli under the See also:title Vita della granda contessa Matilda di Canossa (Reggio nell' See also:Emilia 1888 seq.).
See A. Overmann, Grafin Mathilde von Tuscien; ihre Besitzungen
u. ihre Regesten (See also:Innsbruck, 1895); A. See also:Colombo, Una Nuova
vita della contessa Matilda in R. accad. d. sci. Atti, vol. 39 (See also:Turin,
1904) ; L. Tosti, La Contessa Matilda ed i romani pontefici (See also:Florence,
1859) ; A. Pannenborg, Studien zur Geschichte der Herzogin Matilde
von Canossa (See also:Gottingen, 1872) ; F. M. Fiorentini, Memorie della
Matilda (Lucca, 1756); and See also:Nora See also:Duff, Matilda of Tuscany (1910).
% (C. H.
End of Article: MATILDA (1046-1115)
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