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COLOMBO , the See also:capital and See also:principal seaport of See also:Ceylon, situated on the See also:west See also:coast of the See also:island. Pop. (1901) 154,691. Colombo stands to the See also:south of the mouth of the See also:river Kelani. The coast-See also:land is here generally See also:low-lying, but broken by slight eminences. The See also:great artificial See also:harbour, enclosed by break-See also:waters, is bounded on the south by a slight promontory. This is occupied by the See also:quarter of the See also:city known as the Fort, from the former existence of a fort founded by the Portuguese and reconstructed by the Dutch. In 1869 the See also:governor, See also:Sir See also:Hercules See also:- ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
- ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
- ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
- ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
- ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
- ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
- ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
- ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
- ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)
Robinson (afterwards See also:Lord See also:Rosmead), obtained authority to demolish the fortifications, which were obsolete for purposes of See also:defence, and required 6000 men to See also:man them properly. The levelling of the walls and filling up of the See also:moat made the Fort much more accessible and healthy, and since then it has become the business centre of the city. Here are situated See also:Queen's713
See also:House, the governor's See also:residence; the secretariat or See also:government offices, and other government buildings, such as the See also:fine See also:general See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office and the customs house. Here also are most of the principal hotels, which have a peculiarly high reputation among See also:European hotels in the See also:East. A lofty See also:tower serves as the principal lighthouse of the See also:port and also as a See also:clock-tower. On the south See also:side of the Fort are extensive See also:barracks. The old banqueting-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall of the Dutch See also:governors is used as the See also:garrison See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter.
To the See also:north-east of the Fort, skirting the harbour, are the Pettah, the principal native quarter, the districts of Kotahena See also:- ANT
- ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u
ant Mutwall, and suburbs beyond. In this direction the principal buildings are the Wolfendahl church, a massive Doric See also:building of the Dutch (1749); the splendid See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:cathedral of St See also:Lucia (completed in 1904); and St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas's See also:College (1851), which follows the lines of an See also:English public school. See also:Close to this last is the See also:Anglican cathedral of See also:Christ Church. The Kotahena See also:temple is the See also:chief Buddhist temple in Colombo.
To the north-east of the Fort is the See also:Lake, a ramifying See also:sheet of fresh See also:water, which adds greatly to the beauty of the site of Colombo, its See also:banks being clothed with luxuriant foliage and See also:flowers. The narrow See also:isthmus between this lake and the See also:sea, south of the Fort, is called See also:Galle See also:Face, and is occupied chiefly by promenades and recreation grounds. The See also:peninsula enclosed by two arms of the Lake is known as Slave Island, having been the site of a slave's See also:prison under the Dutch. South-east of this is the principal residential quarter of Colombo, with the circular See also:Victoria See also:Park as its centre. To the east of the park a See also:series of parallel roads, named after former See also:British governors, are lined with beautiful bungalows embowered in trees. This locality is generally known as the See also:Cinnamon Gardens, as it was formerly a Dutch reserve for the cultivation of the cinnamon See also:bush; many of which are still growing here. In the park is the fine Colombo Museum, founded by Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory; and near the neigh-• bouring See also:- CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
- CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
- CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN
- CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
- CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
- CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
- CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
- CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)
Campbell Park are the handsome buildings of a number of institutions, such as See also:Wesley College, and the General, Victoria Memorial See also:Eye and other hospitals. South of Victoria Park is the See also:Havelock racecourse. Among educational establishments not hitherto mentioned are the Royal College, the principal government institution, the government technical college and St See also:Joseph's Roman Catholic college. Most of the See also:town is lighted by See also:gas, and certain quarters with electric See also:light, and electric tramways have been laid over several See also:miles of the city roads. The water-See also:supply is See also:drawn from a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill region 30 M. distant.
Under British See also:rule Colombo has shared in the prosperity brought to the island by the successive See also:industries of See also:coffee and See also:tea planting. At the height of the coffee-growing enterprise 20,000 men, See also:women and See also:children, chiefly Sinhalese and See also:Tamils, found employment in the large factories and stores of the merchants scattered over the town, where the coffee was cleaned, prepared, sorted and packed for shipment. Tea, on the contrary, is pre-pared and packed on the estates; but there is a considerable amount of See also:work still done in the Colombo stores in sorting, blending and repacking such teas as are sold at the See also:local public sales; also in dealing with cacao, cardamoms, See also:cinchona bark and the remnant still See also:left of the coffee See also:industry. But it is to its position as one of the great ports of See also:call of the East that Colombo owes its great and increasing importance. A magnificent break water, 4200 ft. See also:long, the first See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone of which was laid by the See also:prince of See also:Wales in 1875, was completed in 1884. This See also:breakwater changed an open roadstead into a harbour completely sheltered on the most exposed or south-west side; but there was still liability in certain months to storms from the north-west and south-east. Two additional arms were therefore constructed, consisting of a north-east and north-west breakwater, leaving two openings, one Boo ft. and the other 700 ft. wide, between the various sections. The See also:area enclosed is 66o acres. A first-class graving-See also:dock, of which the See also:Admiralty See also:bore See also:half the cost, has also been added. These improvements caused Galle to be abandoned as a port of call for steamers in favour of Colombo, while See also:Trincomalee has been abandoned as a See also:naval station. The port has assumed first-class importance, See also:mail steamers calling
regularly as well as men-of-See also:war and the See also:mercantile marine of all nations; and it is now one of the finest artificial harbours in the See also:world. The See also:extension of See also:railways also has concentrated the See also:trade of the island upon the capital, and contributed to its rise in prosperity.
Colombo was originally known as the Kalantotta or Kalany See also:ferry. By the See also:Arabs the name was changed to Kolambu, and the town was mentioned by See also:Ibn Batuta in 1346 as the largest and finest in Serendib. In 1517 the Portuguese effected a See also:settlement, and in 1520 they fortified their port and bade See also:defiance to the native besiegers. In 1586 the town was invested by See also:Raja Singh, but without success. On its See also:capture by the Dutch' in 1656 it was a flourishing See also:colony with convents of five religious orders, churches and public offices, inhabited by no fewer than 900 See also:noble families and 1500 families dependent on mercantile or See also:political occupations. In 1796 it was surrendered to the British.
End of Article: COLOMBO
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