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total area is but 92.3 sq. m., of which, however, no fewer than 75.1 sq. m. are reckoned as " productive," forests covering 19.9 sq. m. Of the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest to sq. m. are occupied by the cantonal See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of the See also:

lake of Zug (q.v.), and 2; sq. m. by the lake of Aegeri, which is wholly within the canton. It includes the fertile strips On the eastern and western shores of the See also:

LOWER

lower portion of the lake of Zug, together with the alluvial See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain at its See also:

NORTHERN

northern extremity. The lower range, culminating in the Zugerberg (3255 ft.), and the Wildspitz (5194 ft.), the highest See also:

SUMMIT

summit of the Rossberg, that rises See also:

east of the lake of Zug, separates it from the See also:

basin and lake of Aegeri, as well as from the hilly See also:

DISTRICT

district of Menzingen. The Lorze issues from the lake of Aegeri, forces its way through See also:

MORAINE

moraine deposits in a deep See also:

GORGE

gorge with See also:

FINE

fine stalactite caverns and falls into the lake of Zug, issuing from it very soon to flow into the See also:

Reuss. The canton thus belongs to the hilly, not to the mountainous, Swiss cantons, but as it commands the entrance to the higher ground it has a certain strategical position. See also:

RAILWAYS

Railways connect it both with See also:

Lucerne and with See also:

Zurich, while lines See also:

RUNNING

running along either See also:

SHORE

shore of the lake of Zug join at the Arth-Goldau station of the St Gotthard railway. On the eastern shore of the lake of Aegeri, and within the territory of the canton, is the true site of the famous See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

MORGARTEN

Morgarten (g.v.) won by the Swiss in 1315. Till 1814 Zug was in the See also:

DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of See also:

Constance, but on the reconstruction of the diocese of See also:

Basel in 1828 it was assigned to it.

In 1900 the population of the canton was 25,093, of whom 24,042 were See also:

German-speaking, 819 See also:

ITALIAN

Italian-speaking, and 157 See also:

French-speaking, while 2,362 were Romanists, 1701 Protestants, and 19 See also:

Jews. Its See also:

capital is Zug, while the manufacturing See also:

VILLAGE

village of Baar, 2 m. N., had 4484 inhabitants, and the village of Cham, 3 m. N.W., had 3o25 inhabitants. In both cases the environs of the villages are included, and this is even more the See also:

case with the wide-spreading parishes of Unter Aegeri with 2593 inhabitants, of Menzingen with 2495 inhabitants, and the See also:

GREAT

great school for girls and See also:

FEMALE

female teachers, founded in 1844 by See also:

FATHER

Father See also:

THEODOSIUS

Theodosius Florentini, and of Ober Aegeri with 1891 inhabitants. In the higher regions of the canton the population is mainly engaged in See also:

PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral pursuits and See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-breeding. There are 61 " See also:

ALPS

alps," or high pastures, in the canton. At Cham is a well-known factory of condensed See also:

MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk, now See also:

UNITED

united with that of Nestle of See also:

VEVEY [German Vivis]

Vevey. At Baar there are extensive See also:

cotton-See also:

SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning See also:

mills and other factories. See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round the See also:

TOWN

town of Zug there are great See also:

numbers of See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit trees, and " Kirschwasser " (See also:

CHERRY

cherry-See also:

WATER

water) and See also:

cider are largely manufactured. See also:

APICULTURE (from Lat. apis, a bee)

Apiculture too flourishes greatly. A number of factories have sprung up in the new See also:

QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the town, but the See also:

SILK

silk-See also:

WEAVING

weaving See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry has all but disappeared.

The canton forms a single administrative district, which comprises eleven communes. The legislature, or Kantonsrat, has one member to every 350 inhabitants, and the seven members of the executive, or Regierungsrat, are elected directly by popular See also:

VOTE

vote, proportional See also:

REPRESENTATION

representation obtaining in both cases if more than two members are to be elected in the same electoral district to posts in the same authority. The See also:

TERM

term of See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in both cases is four years. Besides the " facultative See also:

REFERENDUM

Referendum " by which, in case of a demand by one-third of the members of the legislative See also:

ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly, or by 800 citizens, any See also:

law, and any See also:

RESOLUTION

resolution involving a capital See also:

EXPENDITURE

expenditure of 40,000, or an See also:

ANNUAL

annual one of ro,000 francs, must be submitted to a See also:

DIRECT

direct popular vote, and the " initiative " at the demand of See also:

ROOD (O.E. rod, a stick, another form of " rod, O.E. rodd, possibly cognate with Lat. rudis, a staff)

rood citizens in case of amendments to the cantonal constitution; there is also an " initiative " in case of bills, to be exercised at the demand of 800 citizens. The two members of the Federal Standerat, as well as the one member of the Federal Nationalrat, are also elected by a popular vote. The earlier See also:

HISTORY

history of the canton is practically identical with that of its capital Zug (see below). From 1728 to 1738 it was distracted by violent disputes about the See also:

DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of the French See also:

PENSIONS

pensions. In 1798 its inhabitants opposed the French, and the canton formed See also:

PART

part of the Tellgau, and later of one of the districts of the huge canton of the Waldstatten in the Helvetic See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic. In 1803 it regained its See also:

independence as a See also:

SEPARATE

separate canton, and by the constitution of 1814 the " Landsgemeinde," or assembly of all the citizens, which had existed for both districts since 1376, became a See also:

BODY

body of See also:

ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors to choose a cantonal See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council. The reform See also:

MOVEMENT

movement of 185o did not affect the canton, which in 1845 was a member of the Sonderbund and shared in the See also:

war of 1847. In 1848 the remaining functions of the Landsgemeinde were abolished. Both in 1848 and in 1874 the canton voted against the See also:

ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of the federal constitutions.

The constitution of 1873-76 was amended in 1881, and was replaced by a new one in 1894.

End of Article: ZUG (Fr. Zoug)

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