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VIENNE , the See also:chief See also:town of an See also:arrondissement of the See also:department of the See also:Isere, See also:France. Historically the first, it is by See also:population (24,619 in 1901) the second See also:city of the department of the Isere, after See also:Grenoble; and the third, after See also:Valence, of the See also:Dauphine. It is situated on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Rhone just below the junction of the Gere with the Rhone, and about zo m. by See also:rail S. of See also:Lyons. On the N., E. and S. the town is sheltered by See also:low hills, the Rhone flowing along its western See also:side. Its site is an immense See also:mass of See also:ancient debris, which is constantly yielding interesting antiquities. On the bank of the Gere are traces of the ramparts of the old See also:Roman city, and on the Mont Pipet (E. of the town) are the remains of an See also:amphitheatre, while the ruined See also:castle there was built in the 13th See also:century on Roman substructures. Several of the ancient aqueducts (one only is now actually in use) are still to be seen, while in the neighbourhood of the city some bits of the old Roman roads may still be found.
The streets of the town are narrow and tortuous, but it possesses two Roman monuments of the first class. One is the See also:temple of See also:Augusta and Livia, a rectangular See also:building of the Corinthian See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, erected by the See also:emperor See also:Claudius, and inferior only to the Maison Carree at See also:Nimes. From tine 5th century to 1793 it was a See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church (Notre See also:Dame de See also:Vie), and the " festival of See also:reason " was celebrated in it at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Revolution. The other, in the more See also:modern See also:part of the town, is the See also:Plan de l'See also:Aiguille, a truncated quadrangular See also:pyramid about 52 ft. in height and resting on a See also:portico with four See also:arches. Many theories have been advanced as to what this singular structure really was (some imagine that it was the See also:tomb of Pontius See also:Pilatus, who, according to the:See also:legend, died at Vienne), but it is now generally believed to have been part of the See also:spina of a large See also:circus, the outlines of which have been traced. The church of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter belonged to an ancient See also:Benedictine See also:abbey and was rebuilt in the 9th century. It is in the earliest Romanesque See also:style, and forms a See also:basilica, with tall square piers, reminding one of See also:Lucca, while the two ranges of windows in the aisles, with their coupled See also:marble columns, recall See also:Ravenna from within and the Basse CEuvre of See also:Beauvais from without. The See also:porch is in the earliest Romanesque style. This church has of See also:late years been completely restored, and since 1895 shelters the magnificent Musee Lapidaire (formerly housed in the temple of Augusta and Livia). The former See also:cathedral church (primatial as well as See also:metropolitan) of St See also:Maurice contains some of the best forms of the true N. See also:Gothic, and was constructed at various periods between 1052 and 1533. It is a basilica, with three aisles, but no See also:apse or transepts. It is 315 ft. in length, 118 ft. wide and 89 in height. The most striking portion is the W. front (1533), which rises majestically from a See also:terrace overhanging the Rhone. But the statuary was much injured by the Protestants in 1562. The church of St See also:Andre le Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and later the See also:chapel of the earlier See also:kings of See also:Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style. The town library and See also:art museum are now in the See also:corn See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, which has beenreconstructed for that purpose. A suspension See also:bridge leads from the city to the right bank of the Rhone, where the See also:industrial See also:quarter of Ste Colombe now occupies part of the ancient city. Here is a See also:tower, built in 1349 by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip of See also:Valois to defend the See also:French bank of the Rhone, as distinguished from the left bank, which, as part of the See also:kingdom of Provence, was dependent on the See also:Holy Roman See also:Empire. This See also:state of things is also recalled by the name of the See also:village, St Romain en Gal, to the N.W. of Ste Colombe.
The Gere supplies the See also:motive See also:power to numerous factories. The most important are those which produce See also:cloth (about 3o factories, turning out daily about 15,000 yds. of cloth). There are numerous other industrial establishments (See also:paper See also:mills, See also:iron foundries, See also:brick See also:works, refining furnaces, &c.).
Vienne was originally the See also:capital of the See also:Allobroges, and became a Roman See also:colony about 47 B.C. under See also:Caesar, who embellished and fortified it. A little later these colonists were expelled by the Allobroges; the exiles then founded the colony of Lyons (Lugdunum). It was not till the days of See also:Augustus and Tiberius that Vienne regained all its former privileges as a Roman colony. Later it became the capital of the Provincia Viennersis. In 257 Postumus was proclaimed emperor here, and for a few years from that See also:day onwards Vienne was the capital of a See also:short-lived provincial empire.
It is said to have been converted to See also:Christianity by Crescens, the See also:disciple of St See also:Paul. Certainly there were Christians here in 177, as in the See also:Greek See also:letter (preserved to us by See also:Eusebius) addressed at that date by the churches of Vienne and Lyons to those of See also:Asia and See also:Phrygia mention is made of " the " See also:deacon of Vienne. The first See also:bishop certainly known is Verus, who was See also:present at the See also:Council of See also:Arles in 314. About 450 Vienne became an archbishopric and continued one till 1790, when the see was suppressed. The archbishops disputed with those of Lyons the See also:title of " See also:Primate of All the Gauls." Vienne was conquered by the Burgundians in 438, and in 534 was taken by the See also:Franks. Sacked in 558' by the See also:Lombards and in 737 by the See also:Saracens, the See also:government of the See also:district was given by See also:Charles the Bald in 869 to a certain See also:Count Boso, who in 879 was See also:pro-claimed See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Provence, and was buried on his See also:death in 887 in the cathedral church of St Maurice. Vienne then continued to See also:form part of the kingdom of Provence or Arles till in 1032 it reverted to the Holy Roman Empire. The sovereigns of that kingdom, as well as the emperors in the 12th century (in particular See also:Frederick See also:Barbarossa in 1153), recognized the rights of the archbishops as the rulers (in the name of the emperor) of Vienne. But the growing power of the See also:counts of Albon, later Dauphins of the neighbouring See also:county of the Viennois, was the cause of many disputes between them and the See also:arch-bishops. In 1349 the reigning Dauphin sold his Dauphine to France, but the town of Vienne was not included in this See also:sale, and the archbishops did not give up their rights over it to France till 1449, when it first became French. In 7311—12 the fifteenth See also:General Council was held at Vienne, when See also:Clement V. abolished the order of the Knights Templar. Vienne was sacked in 1562 by the Protestants under the See also:baron See also:des Adrets, and was held for the Ligue 1590-95, when it was taken in the name of See also:Henri IV. by See also:Montmorency. The fortifications were demolished between 1589 and 1636. In 1790 the archbishopric was abolished, the title " Primate of All the Gauls " being attributed to the archbishops of Lyons. Among famous natives of Vienne may be mentioned St See also:Julian (3rd century) and See also:Nicholas Chorier (1612—1692), the historian of the Dauphine, while Gui de Bourgogne, who was See also:archbishop 1090-1119, became See also:pope in 1119 as See also:Calixtus II. (d. 1124).
See A. Allmer et A. de Terrebasse, See also:Inscriptions antiques et du moyen See also:age de Vienne en Dauphine (6 vols., Vienne, 1875—76); Cl. Charvet, Pastes de la ville de Vienne (Vienne, 1869) ; U. See also:Chevalier, Collection des Cartulaires Dauphinoss, in vol. i. (Vienne, 1869), is that of St Andre le Bas, and in vol. ii. (1891) a description of that of St Maurice; N. Chorier, Recherches sur See also:les antiquates de la See also:vine de Vienne (Vienne, 1658) ; E. A. See also:Freeman, See also:Article in the Saturday See also:Review for Feb. 6, 1875; F. See also:Raymond, Le See also:Guide Viennois (See also:Troyes, 1897). (W. A. B.
End of Article: VIENNE
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