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CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656)

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 55 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656) , Lutheran divine, was See also:born at Medelby, a See also:village of See also:Schleswig, in 1586. After studying See also:philology, See also:philosophy and See also:theology at See also:Helmstedt, See also:Jena, See also:Giessen, See also:Tubingen and See also:Heidelberg, he travelled through See also:Holland, See also:France and See also:England, where he became acquainted with the leading Reformers. On his return in 1614 he was appointed See also:professor of theology at Helmstedt by the See also:duke of See also:Brunswick, who had admired the ability he displayed when a See also:young See also:man in a dispute with the Jesuit See also:Augustine Turrianus. In 1613 he published a See also:book, Disputationes de Praecipuis Religionis Christianae Capitibus, which provoked the hostile See also:criticism of orthodox scholars; in 1619 he published his See also:Epitome theologiae, and some years later his Theologia Moralis (1634) and De Arte Nova Nihusii. See also:Roman Catholics See also:felt them to be aimed at their own See also:system, but they gave so See also:great offence to See also:Lutherans as to induce See also:Statius Buscher to See also:charge the author with a See also:secret leaning to Romanism. Scarcely had he refuted the See also:accusation of Buscher, when, on See also:account of his intimacy with the Reformed divines at the See also:conference of See also:Thorn (1645), and his See also:desire to effect a reconciliation between them and the Lutherans, a new charge was preferred against him, principally at the instance of See also:Abraham See also:Calovius (1612-1686), of a secret See also:attachment to Calvinism. In fact, the great aim of his See also:life was to reconcile Christendom by removing all unimportant See also:differences. The disputes to which this attitude gave rise, known in the See also:Church as the Syncretistic controversy, lasted during the whole lifetime of Calixtus, and distracted the Lutheran church, till a new controversy arose with P. J. Spener and the Pietists of See also:Halle. Calixtus died in 1656. There is a monograph on Calixtus by E.

L. T. See also:

Henke (2 vols., 1853-1856) ; see also Isaak See also:Dorner, Gesch: d. protest. Theol. pp. 606-624; and especially See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie.

End of Article: CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656)

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