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GRENOBLE , the See also:ancient See also:capital of the See also:Dauphine in S.E. See also:France, and now the See also:chief See also:town of the See also:Isere See also:department, 75 M. by See also:rail from See also:Lyons, 381 m. from See also:Chambery and 852 m. from See also:Gap. Pop. (1906), town, 58,641; See also:commune, 73,022. It is one of the most beautifully situated, and also one of the most strongly fortified, cities in See also:Europe. Built at a height of 702 ft. on both See also:banks of the See also:river Isere just above its junction with the Drac, the town occupies a considerable See also:plain at the See also:south-western end of the fertile Graisivaudan valley. To the See also:north rise the mountains of the Grande See also:Chartreuse, to the See also:east the range of Belle-See also:donne, and to the south those of Taillefer and the Moucherotte, the higher summits of these ranges being partly covered with See also:snow. From the Jardin de Ville and the quays of the banks of the Isere the See also:summit of Mont See also:Blanc itself is visible. The greater See also:part of the town rises on the See also:left See also:bank of the Isere, which is bordered by broad quays. The older portion has the tortuous and narrow streets usual in towns that have been confined within fortifications, but in See also:modern times these hindrances have been demolished. The newer portion of the town has wide thorough-fares and buildings of the modern See also:French type, solid but not picturesque. The See also:original town (of but small extent) was built on the right bank of the Isere at the See also:southern See also:foot of the Mont Rachais, now covered by a See also:succession of fortresses that rise picturesquely on the slope of that See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill to a very considerable height (885 ft. above the town).
Grenoble is the seat of a bishopric which was founded in the 4th See also:century, and now comprises the department of the Isere—formerly a See also:suffragan of See also:Vienne it now forms part of the ecclesiastical See also:province of Lyons. The most remarkable See also:building in the town is the Palais de See also:Justice, erected (See also:late 15th century to 16th century) on the site of the old See also:palace of the See also:Parlement of the Dauphine. Opposite is the most noteworthy See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of the See also:city, that of St See also:Andre (13th century), formerly the See also:chapel of the dauphins of the Viennois: in it is the 17th century See also:monument of See also:Bayard (1476–1524), the See also:chevalier sans See also:pear et sans reproche, which was removed hither in 1822; but it is uncertain whose bones are therein. The See also:cathedral church of Notre See also:Dame is a heavy building, dating in part from the 11th century. The church of St See also:Laurent, on the right bank of the Isere, is the See also:oldest in the city (I1th century) and has a remarkable See also:crypt, dating from Merovingian times. The town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall is a mainly modern building, constructed on the site of the palace of the dauphins, while the prefecture is entirely modern. The town library contains a considerable collection of paintings, mainly of the modern French school, but is more remarkable for its very See also:rich collection of See also:MSS. (700o) and printed books (250,000 vols.) which in See also:great part belonged till 1793 to the monastery of the Grande Chartreuse. The natural See also:history museum houses rich collections of various kinds, which contain (inter See also:cilia) numerous See also:geological specimens from the neighbouring districts of the Dauphine and See also:Savoy. The university, revived in modern times
after a See also:long See also:abeyance, occupies a modern building, as does also the See also:hospital, though founded as far back as the r5th century. There are numerous See also:societies in the town, including the Academie Delphinale (founded in 1972), and many charitable institutions.
The See also:staple See also:industry of Grenoble is the manufacture of kid gloves, most of the so-called gants Jouvin being made here—they are named after the reviver of the See also:art, X. Jouvin (1800-1844). There are about 8o See also:glove factories, which employ 18,5oo persons (of whom 15,000 are See also:women), the See also:annual output being about 800,000 dozen pairs of gloves. Among other articles produced at Grenoble are artificial cements, See also:liqueurs, See also:straw hats and carved See also:furniture.
Grenoble occupies the site of Cularo, a See also:village of the See also:Allobroges, which only became of importance when fortified by See also:Diocletian and Maximian at the end of the 3rd century. Its See also:present name is a corruption of Gratianopolis, a See also:title assumed probably in See also:honour of See also:Gratian (4th century), who raised it to the See also:rank of a civitas. After passing under the See also:power of the Burgundians (c. 440) and the See also:Franks (532) it became part of the See also:kingdom of See also:Provence (879-1032). On the break-up of that kingdom a long struggle for supremacy ensued between the bishops of the city and the See also:counts of Albon, the latter finally winning the See also:day in the 12th century, and taking the title of Dauphins of the Viennois in the 13th century. In 1349 Grenoble was ceded with the See also:rest of the Dauphine to France, but retained various municipal privileges which had been granted by the dauphins to the town, originally by a See also:charter of 1242. In 1562 it was sacked by the Protestants under the See also:baron See also:des Adrets, but in 1572 the firmness of its See also:governor, See also:Bertrand de Gordes, saved it from a repetition of the See also:Massacre of St See also:Bartholomew. In 1590 See also:Lesdiguieres (1543-1626) took the town in the name of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV., then still a See also:Protestant, and during his long governorship (which lasted to his See also:death) did much for it by the construction of fortifications, quays, &c. In 1788 the See also:attempt of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king to weaken the power of the parlement of Grenoble (which, though strictly a judicial authority, had preserved traditions of See also:independence, since the suspension of the states-See also:general of the Dauphine in 1628) roused the See also:people to arms, and the " day of the tiles " (7th of See also:June 1788) is memorable for the defeat of the royal forces. In 1790, on the formation of the department of the Isere, Grenoble became its capital. Grenoble was thg first important town to open its See also:gates to See also:Napoleon on his return from See also:Elba (7th of See also:March 1815), but a few months later (See also:July) it was obliged to surrender to the See also:Austrian See also:army. Owing to its situation Grenoble was formerly much subject to floods, particularly in the See also:case of the See also:wild Drac. One of the worst took See also:place in 1219, while that of 1778 was known as the See also:deluge de la See also:Saint Crepin. Among the celebrities who have been See also:born at Grenoble are Vaucanson (1709-1782), Mably (1709-1785), See also:Condillac (1715-1780), See also:Beyle, best known as Stendhal, his nom de guerre (1783-1842), See also:Barnave (1761-1793) and Casimir See also:Perier (1977-1832).
See A. Prudhomme, Histoire de Grenoble (1888); X. Roux, La See also:Corporation des gantiers de Grenoble (1887) ; H. See also:Duhamel, Grenoble considers comme centre d'excursions (1902); J. See also:Marion, Cartulaires de l'eglise cathedrale de Grenoble (See also:Paris, 1869). (W. A. B.
End of Article: GRENOBLE
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