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present site was built between 1132 and 1137, but the actual buildings date only from about 1676, the older ones having been often burnt. The convent stands in a very picturesque position in a large meadow, sloping to the S.W., and watered by a tiny tributary of the Guiers Mort. On the See also:

north, See also:

FINE

fine forests extend to the See also:

Col de la Ruchere, and on the See also:

west rise well-wooded heights, while on the See also:

east See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower See also:

white limestone ridges, culminating in the See also:

GRAND

Grand Som (667o ft.). One of the most famous of the See also:

early Carthusian monks was St See also:

Hugh of See also:

Lincoln, who lived here from 116o to 1181, when he went to See also:

England to found the first Carthusian house at See also:

WITHAM

Witham in See also:

Somerset; in 1186 he became See also:

bishop of Lincoln, and before his See also:

DEATH

death in 1200 had built the See also:

ANGEL

angel See also:

CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and other portions of the wonderful See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral there. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal approach to the convent is from St See also:

LAURENT, FRANCOIS (1810–1887)

Laurent du See also:

PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont, a village situated on the Guiers Mort, and largely built by the monks—it is connected by See also:

steam tramways with See also:

VOIRON

Voiron (for Grenoble) and St See also:

HERON (Fr. heron; Ital. aghirone, airone; Lat. ardea; Gr. ipw&bs: A.-S. hragra; Icelandic, hegre; Swed. hager; Dan. heire; Ger. Heiger, Reiher, Heergans; Dutch, reiger)

Heron (for See also:

CHAMBERY

Chambery). Among the other routes may be mentioned those from Grenoble by Le Sappey, or by the Col de la Charmette, or from Chambery by the Col de Couz and the village of See also:

Les Echelles. St Laurent is about 51 M. from the convent. The road mounts along the Guiers Mort and soon reaches the See also:

HAMLET

hamlet of Fourvoirie, so called from forata via, as about 1510 the road was first pierced hence towards the convent.

Here are See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron forges, and here was formerly the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centre of the manufacture of the famed Chartreuse liqueur. Beyond, the road enters the " See also:

DESERT

Desert " and passes through most delightful scenery. Some way farther the Guiers Mort is crossed by the See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

BRIDGE

bridge of St Bruno, the older bridge of Parant being still visible higher up the stream. Here begins the splendid See also:

CARRIAGE

carriage road, constructed by M. E. Viaud between 1854 and 1856. It soon passes beneath the bold See also:

PINNACLE (from Lat. pinnaculum, a little feather, pinna; the Gr. rrspirylov, diminutive of irsipuE, wing, is also used in this sense)

pinnacle of the Oeillette or See also:

AIGUILLETTE (Fr. diminutive of aiguille, a needle; the obsolete English form is " aglet ")

Aiguillette, beyond which formerly See also:

WOMEN

women were not allowed to penetrate. After passing through four tunnels the road bends north (leaving the Guiers Mort which flows past St Pierre de Chartreuse), and the valley soon opens to See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the upland hollow in which are the buildings of the convent. These are not very striking, the high See also:

ROOFS

roofs of dark See also:

SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate, the See also:

CROSS

cross-surmounted turrets and the lofty See also:

CLOCK

clock-tower being the chief features. But the situation is one of ideal See also:

peace and repose. Women were formerly lodged in the old infirmary, See also:

close to the See also:

main See also:

GATE

gate, which is now a hotel. Within the conventual buildings are four halls formerly used for the reception of the priors of the various See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch houses in See also:

France, See also:

Italy, See also:

BURGUNDY

Burgundy and See also:

Germany.

The very See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain and unadorned See also:

CHAPEL

chapel See also:

DATES

dates from the 15th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but the cloisters, around which cluster the See also:

THIRTY

thirty-six small houses for the fully professed monks, are of later date. The library contained before the Revolution a very fine collection of books and See also:

MSS., now mostly in the See also:

TOWN

town library at Grenoble. The monks were expelled in 1793, but allowed to return in. 1816, but then they had to pay See also:

RENT

rent for the use of the buildings and the forests around, though both one and the other were due to the See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of their predecessors. They were again expelled in 1904, and are dispersed in various houses in England, at See also:

PINEROLO

Pinerolo (Italy) and at See also:

Tarragona (See also:

Spain). It is at the last-named spot that the various pharmaceutical preparations are now manufactured for which they are famous (though sold only since about 1840)—the See also:

ELIXIR (from the Arabic al-iksir, probably an adaptation of the Gr. Eilpiov, a powder used for drying wounds, from Opbs, dry)

Elixir, the See also:

BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

Boule d'acier (a See also:

MINERAL

mineral See also:

PASTE (O. Fr. paste, modern pate, Late Lat. pasta, whence also in Span., Port. and Ital., from Gr. 1r&vrrl or 1raara, barley porridge, or salted pottage, ir&ao'ety, to sprinkle with salt)

paste or salve), and the celebrated liqueur. The magnificent revenues derived from the profits of this manufacture were devoted by the monks to various purposes of benevolence, especially in the neighbouring villages, which owe to this source their churches, See also:

SCHOOLS

schools, hospitals, &c., &c., built and maintained at the expense of the monks. See La Grande Chartreuse See also:

PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par un Chartreux (Grenoble, 1898) ; H. See also:

FERRAND, ANTOINE FRANCOIS CLAUDE, COMTE

Ferrand, See also:

GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

Guide a la Grande Chartreuse (1889) ; and Les Montagnes de la Chartreuse (1899) (W. A. B.

End of Article: CHARTREUSE, LA GRANDE

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