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See also:PERIER, CASIMIR See also:PIERRE (1777-1832) , See also:French statesman, was See also:born at See also:Grenoble on the 11th of See also:October 1777, the See also:fourth son of a See also:rich banker and manufacturer, See also:Claude Perier (1742-18o1), in whose See also:house the estates of Dauphiny met in 1788. Claude Perier was one of the first See also:directors of the See also:Bank of See also:France; of his eight sons, Augustin (1773-1833), See also:Antoine Scipion (1776-1821), Casimir Pierre and Camille (1781-18441, all distinguished themselves in See also:industry and in politics. The See also:family removed to See also:Paris after the revolution of See also:Thermidor, and Casimir joined the See also:army of See also:Italy in 1798. On his See also:father's See also:death he Ieft the
See also:Mica-peridotites are not of frequent occurrence. A well-known See also:rock from Kaltes Thal, See also:Harzburg, contains much See also:biotite, deep See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown in thin See also:section. Other examples are found in See also:India and in See also:Arkansas. Poikilitic structure is rarely well See also:developed in this See also:group. The " See also:blue-ground " of See also:Kimberley which contains the diamonds is a brecciform biotite-See also:hypersthene-See also:peridotite with See also:augite. In the See also:north of See also:Scotland, in several places in See also:Sutherland and See also:Ross, there are peridotites with silvery yellow See also:green biotite and large plates of See also:pale green See also:hornblende: these have been called scyelites. In the hornblende-peridotites lustre-mottling is often very striking. The See also:amphibole may be colourless See also:tremolite in small prisms, as in some varieties of See also:serpentine from the See also:Lizard (See also:Cornwall); or pale green hornblende as in scyelite. In both these cases there is some probabilit' that the hornblende has developed, partly at least, from See also:olivine or augite. In sheared peridotites tremolite and
army and with his See also:brother Scipion founded a bank in Paris, the speculations of which he directed while Scipion occupied himself with its See also:administration. He opposed the ruinous methods by which the duc de See also:Richelieu sought to raise the See also:war See also:indemnity demanded by the See also:Allies, in a pamphlet ROexions sur le projet d'emprunt (1817), followed in the same See also:year by Dernieres reflexions . . . in See also:answer to an inspired See also:article in the Moniteur. In the same year he entered the chamber of deputies for Paris, taking his seat in the See also:Left Centre with the moderate opposition, and making his first speech in See also:defence of the freedom of the See also:press. Re-elected for Paris in 1822 and 1824, and in 1827 for Paris and for See also:Troyes, he elected to represent Troyes, and sat for that See also:constituency until his death. Perier's violence in debate was not associated with any disloyalty to the See also:monarchy, and he held resolutely aloof from the republican conspiracies and intrigues which prepared the way for the revolution of 1830. Under the See also:Martignac See also:ministry there was some prospect of a reconciliation with the See also:court, and in See also:January 1829 he was nominated a See also:candidate for the See also:presidency of the chamber; but in See also:August with the See also:elevation to See also:power of See also:Polignac the truce ceased, and on the 15th of See also:March 183o he was one of the 221 deputies who repudiated the pretensions put forward by See also:Charles X. Averse by See also:instinct and by See also:interest to popular revolution he nevertheless sat on the provisory See also:commission of five at the hotel-de-ville during the days of See also:July, but he refused to sign the See also:declaration of Charles X.'s dethronement. Perier reluctantly recognized in the See also:government of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Philippe the only alternative to the continuance of the Revolution; but he was no favourite with the new See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, whom he scorned for his truckling to the See also:mob. He became See also:president of the chamber of deputies, and sat for a few months in the See also:cabinet, though without a See also:portfolio. On the fall of the weak and discredited ministry of See also:Laffitte, Casimir Perier, who had drifted more and more to the Right, was summoned to power (March 13, 1831), and in the See also:short space of a year he restored civic See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order in France and re-established her See also:credit in See also:Europe. Paris was in a See also:constant See also:state of disturbance from March to See also:September, and was only held in check by the premier's determination; the workmen's revolt at See also:Lyons was suppressed after hard fighting; and at Grenoble, in See also:face of the quarrels between the military and the inhabitants, Perier declined to make any concession to the townsfolk. The See also:minister refused to be dragged into armed intervention in favour of the revolutionary government of See also:Warsaw, but his policy of See also:peace did not exclude energetic demonstrations in support of French interests. He constituted France the See also:protector of See also:Belgium by the prompt expedition of the army of the north against the Dutch in August 1831; French See also:influence in Italy was asserted by the audacious occupation of See also:Ancona (Feb. 23, 1832); and the refusal of See also:compensation for injuries to French residents by the Portuguese government was followed by a See also:naval demonstration at See also:Lisbon. Perier had undertaken the premiership with many forebodings, and overwork and anxiety prepared the way for disease. In the See also:spring of 1832 during the See also:cholera outbreak in Paris, he visited the hospitals in See also:company with the See also:duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. He See also:fell See also:ill the next See also:day of a violent See also:fever, and died six See also:weeks later, on the 16th of May 1832.
His Opinions et discours were edited by A. Lesieur (2 vols., 1838); C. Nicoullaud published in 1894 the first See also:part (Casimir-Perier, depute de l'opposition, 1817-1830) of a study of his See also:life and policy; and his ministry is exhaustively treated by Thureau-Dangin in vols. i. and ii. (1884) of his Histoire de la monarchie de juillet.
His See also:elder son, AUGUSTE See also:VICTOR See also:LAURENT CASIMIR PERIER (1811–1876), the father of President Casimir-Perier (see CASIMIRPERIER), entered the See also:diplomatic service, being attached successively to the See also:London, See also:Brussels and St See also:Petersburg embassies, and in 184.3 became minister plenipotentiary at See also:Hanover In 1846 he resigned See also:flour the service to enter the legislature as See also:deputy for the See also:department of See also:Seine, a constituency which he exchanged for See also:Aube after the Revolution of 1848. On the See also:establishment of the Second See also:Empire he retired temporarily from public life, and devoted himself to economic questions on which he published a See also:series of See also:works, notably See also:Les Finances et lapolitique (1863), dealing with the interaction of See also:political institutions and See also:finance. He contested Grenoble unsuccessfully in 1863 against the imperial candidate, Casimir Royer; and failed again for Aube in 1869. In 1871 he was returned by three departments to the See also:National See also:Assembly, and elected to sit for Aube. He was minister of the interior for a few months in 1871–1872, and his retirement deprived See also:Thiers of one of the strongest elements in his cabinet. He also joined the short-lived ministry of May 1873. He consistently opposed all efforts in the direction of a monarchical restoration, but on the definite constitution of the See also:republic became a life senator, declining See also:MacMahon's invitation to See also:form the first cabinet under the new constitution. He died in Paris on the 6th of See also:June 1876.
For the family in See also:general see E. Choulet, La Famille Casimir-Perier (Grenoble, 1894).
End of Article: PERIER, CASIMIR PIERRE (1777-1832)
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