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ANCONA

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 952 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ANCONA , a seaport and episcopal see of the See also:

Marches, See also:Italy, See also:capital of the See also:province of Ancona, situated on the N.E. See also:coast of Italy, 185 m. N.E. of See also:Rome by See also:rail and 132 M. See also:direct, and 127 M. S.E. of See also:Bologna. Pop. (1901) 56,835. The See also:town is finely situated on and between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of See also:Monte Conero, Monte Astagno to the S., occupied by the citadel, and Monte Guasco to the N., on which the See also:cathedral stands (300 ft.). The latter, dedicated to S. Ciriaco, is said to occupy the site of a See also:temple of See also:Venus, who is mentioned by See also:Catullus and See also:Juvenal as the tutelary deity of the See also:place. It was consecrated in 1128 and completed in 1189. Some writers suppose that the See also:original See also:church was in the See also:form of a Latin See also:cross and belonged to the 8th See also:century. An See also:early restoration was completed in 1234. It is a See also:fine Romanesque See also:building in See also:grey See also:stone, built in the form of a See also:Greek cross, with a dodecagonal See also:dome over the centre slightly altered by Malgaritone d' See also:Arezzo in 1270.

The See also:

facade has a See also:Gothic portal, ascribed to Giorgio da Corso (1228). which was intended rn have a lateral See also:arch on each See also:side. The interior, which has a See also:crypt in each See also:transept, in the See also:main preserves its original See also:character. It has ten columns which are attributed to the temple of Venus, and there are See also:good screens of the 12th century, and other sculptures. In the dilapidated episcopal See also:palace See also:Pope See also:Pius II. died in 1464. An interesting church is S. Maria della Piazza, with an elaborate arcaded facade (1210). The Palazzo del Comune, with its lofty arched sub-structures at the back, was the See also:work of Margaritone d' Arezzo, but has been since twice restored. There are also several fine See also:late Gothic buildings, among them the churches of S. See also:Francesco and S. See also:Agostino, the Palazzo Benincasa, and the Loggia dei Mercanti, all by Giorgio See also:Orsini, usually called da See also:Sebenico (who worked much at Sebenico, though he was not a native of it), and the prefecture, which has See also:Renaissance additions. The portal of S. Maria della Misericordia is an ornate example of early Renaissance work.

The archaeological museum contains interesting pre-See also:

Roman See also:objects from tombs in the See also:district, and two Roman beds with fine decorations in See also:ivory (E. Brizio, in Notizie-degli scavi, 1902, 437, 478). To the See also:east of the town is the See also:harbour, now an See also:oval See also:basin of 990 by 88o yards, the finest harbour on the S. W. coast of the Adriatic, and one of the best in Italy. It was originally protected only by the promontory on the N., from the See also:elbow-like shape of which (Gk. iyKwv) the See also:ancient town, founded by Syracusan refugees about 390 B.C., took the name which it still holds. Greek merchants established a See also:purple factory here (Sil. Ital. viii. 438). Even in Roman times it kept its own coinage with the punning See also:device of the See also:bent See also:arm holding a See also:palm See also:branch, and the See also:head of See also:Aphrodite on the See also:reverse, and continued the use of the Greek See also:language. When it became a Roman See also:colony is doubtful.' It was occupied as a See also:naval station in the Illyrian See also:war of 178 B.c. (Liv. xli. I).

See also:

Caesar took See also:possession of it immediately after See also:crossing the See also:Rubicon. Its harbour was of considerable importance in imperial times, as the nearest to See also:Dalmatia,2 and was enlarged by See also:Trajan, who constructed the See also:north See also:quay, his architect being See also:Apollodorus of See also:Damascus. At the beginning of it stands the See also:marble triumphal arch with a single opening, and without bas-reliefs, erected in his See also:honour in A.D. 115 by the See also:senate and See also:people. Pope See also:Clement II. prolonged the quay, and an inferior See also:imitation of Trajan's arch was set up; he also erected a See also:lazaretto at the See also:south end of the harbour, now a See also:sugar refinery, Vanvitelli being the architect-in-See also:chief. The See also:southern quay was built in 1880, and the harbour is now protected by forts on the heights, while the place is the seat of the 7th See also:army See also:corps. The See also:port of Ancona was entered in 1904 by 869 steamships and 600 sailing vessels, with a See also:total See also:tonnage of 961,612 tons. The main imports were See also:coal, See also:timber, metals, jute. The main exports were See also:asphalt and See also:calcium See also:carbide. Sugar refining and See also:ship-building are carried on. Ancona is situated on the railway between Bologna and See also:Brindisi, and is also connected by rail with Rome, via See also:Foligno and Orte. After the fall of the Roman See also:empire Ancona was successively attacked by the Goths, See also:Lombards and See also:Saracens, but recovered its strength and importance.

It was one of the cities of the Pentapolis under the exarchate of See also:

Ravenna, the other four being See also:Fano, See also:Pesaro, See also:Senigallia and See also:Rimini, and eventually became a semi-See also:independent See also:republic under the See also:protection of the popes, until See also:Gonzaga took possession of it for Clement VII. in 1532. From 1797 onwards, when the See also:French took it, it frequently appears in See also:history as an important fortress, until See also:Lamoriciere capitulated here on the 29th of See also:September 1860, eleven days after his defeat at Castelfidardo. (T.

End of Article: ANCONA

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ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )