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conspiracy in Minas. Conducted to Rio, he was imprisoned in a fortress and interrogated, but constantly asserted his innocence. However, his friendship with the conspirators compromised him in the eyes of his absolutist See also:

JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, who, on the ground that he had known of the See also:

plot and not denounced it, sentenced him in See also:

APRIL

April 1792 to perpetual See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in See also:

ANGOLA

Angola, with the See also:

CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of his See also:

PROPERTY

property. Later, this See also:

PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty was commuted into one of ten years of exile to See also:

MOZAMBIQUE [Sao Sebastiao de Mocambique]

Mozambique, with a See also:

DEATH

death See also:

SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence if he should return to See also:

AMERICA

America. After having spent three years in See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, Gonzaga sailed in May 1792 for Mozambique and shortly after his arrival a violent See also:

FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever almost ended his See also:

LIFE

life. A wealthy Portuguese See also:

GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman, married to a lady of See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, charitably received him into his See also:

house, and when the poet recovered, he married their young daughter who had nursed him through the attack. He lived in exile until his death, practising advocacy at intervals, but his last years were embittered by fits of See also:

MELANCHOLIA

melancholia, deepening into madness, which were brought on by the remembrance of his misfortunes. His reputation as a poet rests on a little See also:

VOLUME

volume of See also:

BUCOLICS (from the Gr. j owKOXucor, " pertaining to a herds-man ")

bucolics entitled Marilia, which includes all his published verses and is divided into two parts, corresponding with those of his life.

The first extends to his imprisonment and breathes only love and See also:

PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure, while the See also:

main theme of the second part, written in prison, is his saudade for Marilia and past happiness. Gonzaga borrowed his forms from the best See also:

MODELS

models, See also:

ANACREON

Anacreon and See also:

THEOCRITUS

Theocritus, but the See also:

MATTER

matter, except for an occasional See also:

IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of See also:

PETRARCH (1304-1374)

Petrarch, the natural, elegant See also:

style and the harmonious metrification, are all his own. The booklet comprises the most celebrated collection of erotic See also:

POETRY

poetry dedicated to a single See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person in the Portuguese See also:

TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue; indeed its popularity is so See also:

GREAT

great as to exceed its See also:

INTRINSIC (through Fr. intrinsique, from Lat. intrinsecus, inwardly; inter, within, secus, following, from root of sequi, to follow)

intrinsic merit. Twenty-nine See also:

EDITIONS

editions had appeared up to 1854, but the See also:

Paris edition of 1862 in 2 vols. is in every way the best, although the authenticity of the verses in its 3rd part, which do not relate to Marilia, is doubtful. A popular edition of the first two parts was published in 1888 (See also:

LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, Corazzi). A See also:

French version of Marilia by lblonglave and Chalas appeared in Paris in 1825, an See also:

ITALIAN

Italian by Vegezzi Ruscalla at See also:

TURIN

Turin in 1844, a Latin by Dr See also:

Castro See also:

LOPES, FERNAO (138o?—1459?)

Lopes at Rio in 1868, and there is a See also:

SPANISH

Spanish one by Vedia. See Innocencio da See also:

SILVA, ANTONIO JOSE DA (1705–1739)

Silva, Diccionario bibliographic() portuguez, vol. Vii. p. 320, also Dr T. See also:

BRAGA

Braga, Filinto Elysio e os Dissidentas da See also:

ARCADIA

Arcadia (Oporto, 1901). (E. PR.) GONZALEZ-See also:

CARVAJAL, TOMAS JOSE (1753-r834), Spanish poet and statesman, was born at See also:

Seville in 1753.

He studied at the university of Seville, and took the degree of LL.D. at See also:

MADRID

Madrid. He obtained an See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in the See also:

FINANCIAL

financial See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the See also:

government; and in 1795 was made See also:

INTENDANT (from Lat. intendens, pres. part. of intendere, to apply the mind to, to watch over; cf. " superintendent ")

intendant of the colonies which had just been founded in Sierra Morena and See also:

ANDALUSIA, or ANDALUCIA

Andalusia. During 1809–1811 he held an intendancy in the patriot See also:

army. He became, in 1812, director of the university of See also:

San Isidro ; but having offended the government by establishing a See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of inter-See also:

NATIONAL

national law, he was imprisoned for five years (1815–1820). The revolution of 1820 reinstated him, but the See also:

COUNTER

counter-revolution of three years later forced him into exile. After four years he was allowed to return, and he died, in 1834, a member of the supreme See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

war. Gonzalez-Carvajal enjoyed See also:

EUROPEAN

European fame as author of metrical See also:

TRANSLATIONS

translations of the poetical books of the See also:

Bible. To See also:

fit himself for this See also:

WORK

work he commenced the study of See also:

HEBREW

Hebrew at the age of fifty-four. He also wrote other See also:

WORKS

works in See also:

VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse and See also:

PROSE

prose, avowedly taking Luis de See also:

Leon as his See also:

MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model. See See also:

BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical See also:

NOTICE

notice in Biblioteca de Rivadeneyra, vol. lxvii., Poetas del siglo 18.

End of Article: GONZAGA, THOMAZ ANTONIO (1744-1809)

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