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ANACREON , See also:Greek lyric poet, was See also:born about 56o B.C., at Teos, an Ionian See also:city on the See also:coast of See also:Asia See also:Minor. Little is known of his See also:life, except a few scattered notices, not in all cases certainly See also:authentic. He probably shared the voluntary See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile of the See also:mass of his See also:fellow-townsmen, who, when See also:Cyrus the See also:Great was besieging the Greek cities of Asia (545), rather than surrender. their city to his See also:general Harpagus, sailed to See also:Abdera in See also:Thrace, where they founded a See also:colony. Anacreon seems to have taken See also:part in the fighting, in which, on his own See also:admission, he did not distinguish himself, but, like See also:Alcaeus and See also:Horace, threw away his See also:shield and fled. From Thrace he removed to the See also:court of See also:Polycrates of See also:Samos, one of the best of those old " tyrants," who by no means deserved the name in its worst sense. He is said to have acted as See also:tutor to Polycrates; that he enjoyed the See also:tyrant's confidence we learn on the authority of See also:Herodotus (iii. 121), who represents the poet as sitting in the royal chamber when See also:audience was given to the See also:Persian See also:herald. In return for his favour and See also:protection, Anacreon wrote many complimentary odes upon his See also:patron. Like his fellow-lyrist, Horace, who was one of his great admirers, and in many respects of a kindred spirit, Anacreon seems to have been made for the society of courts. On the See also:death of Polycrates, See also:Hipparchus, who was then in See also:power at See also:Athens and inherited the See also:literary tastes of his See also:father See also:Peisistratus, sent a See also:special See also:embassy to fetch the popular poet to Athens in a See also:galley of fifty oars. Here he became acquainted with the poet See also:Simonides, and other members of the brilliant circle which had gathered See also:round Hipparchus. When this circle was broken up by the assassination of Hipparchus, Anacreon seems to have returned to his native See also:town of Teos, where, according to a metrical See also:epitaph ascribed to his friend Simonides, he died and was buried. According to others, before returning to Teos, he accompanied Simonides to the court of Echecrates, a Thessalian dynast of the See also:house of the Aleuadae. See also:Lucian mentions Anacreon amongst his instances of the See also:longevity of eminent men, as having completed eighty-five years. If an See also:anecdote given by See also:Pliny (Nat. Hist. vii. 7) is to be trusted, he was choked at last by a See also:grape-See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, but the See also:story has an See also:air of mythical See also:adaptation to the poet's habits, which makes it somewhat apocryphal. Anacreon was for a See also:long See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time popular at Athens, where his statue was to be seen on the See also:Acropolis, together with that of his friend Xanthippus, the father of See also:Pericles. On several coins of Teos he is represented, holding a See also:lyre in his See also:hand, sometimes sitting, sometimes See also:standing. A See also:marble statue found in 1835 in the See also:Sabine See also:district, and now in the See also:Villa See also:Borghese, is said to represent Anacreon. Anacreon had a reputation as a composer of See also:hymns, as well as of those bacchanalian and amatory lyrics which are commonly associated with his name. Two See also:short hymns to See also:Artemis and See also:Dionysus, consisting of eight and eleven lines respectively, stand first amongst his few undisputed remains, as printed by See also:recent editors. But See also:pagan hymns, especially when addressed to such deities as See also:Aphrodite, See also:Eros and Dionysus, are not so very unlike what we See also:call " Anacreontic " See also:poetry as to make the contrast of See also:style as great as the word might seem to imply. The See also:tone of Anacreon's lyric effusions has probably led to an unjust estimate, by both ancients and moderns, of the poet's See also:personal See also:character. The " triple See also:worship " of the See also:Muses, See also:Wine and Love, ascribed to him as his See also:religion in an old Greek See also:epigram (Anthol. iii. 25,51), may have been as purely professional in the two last cases as in the first, and his private character on such points was probably neither much better nor worse than that of his contemporaries. See also:Athenaeus remarks acutely that he seems at least to have been sober when he wrote; and he him-self strongly repudiates, as Horace does, the brutal characteristics of See also:intoxication as See also:fit only for barbarians and Scythians (Fr. 64). Of the five books of lyrical pieces by Anacreon which Suidas and Athenaeus mention as extant in their time, we have now but the merest fragments, collected from the citations of later writers. Those graceful little poems (most of them first printed
from the See also:MSS. by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Stephens in 1554), which long passed among the learned for the songs of Anacreon, and which are well-known to many See also:English readers in the See also:translations of See also:Cowley and See also:Moore, are really of much later date, though possibly here and there genuine fragments of the poet are included. See also:Modern critics, however, regard the entire collection as imitations belonging to different periods—the See also:oldest probably to Alexandrian times, the most recent to the last days of paganism. They will always retain a certain popularity from their lightness and elegance, and some of them are See also:fair copies of Anacreon's style, which would lend itself readily enough to a See also:clever imitator. A strong See also:argument against their genuineness lies in the fact that the See also:peculiar forms of the Ionic Greek, in which Anacreon wrote, are not to be found in these reputed odes, while the fragments of his poems quoted by See also:ancient writers are full of Ionicisms. Again, only one of the quotations from Anacreon in ancient writers is to be found in these poems, which further contain no references to contemporaries, whereas See also:Strabo (xiv. p. 638) expressly states that Anacreon's poems included numerous allusions to Polycrates. The character of Love as a mischievous little boy is quite different from that given by Anacreon, who describes him as " striking with a mighty See also:axe, like a See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
smith," and is more akin to the conceptions of later literature.
The best edition of the genuine fragments of Anacreon, as well as of the Anacreontea, is by See also:Bergk (Poetae lyrici greeci, 1882). He includes in an appendix a similar collection of imitations from the Anecdota graeca of P. Matranga (185o), which had their origin in the beginning of the See also:middle ages, and resemble the See also:Christian See also:anacreontics of See also:Sophronius.
End of Article: ANACREON
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