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BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 746 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BENT, See also:JAMES See also:THEODORE (1852–1897) , See also:English traveller, was the son of James Bent of Baildon See also:House, near See also:Leeds, See also:York-See also:shire, where he was See also:born on the 3oth of See also:March 1852. He was educated at See also:Repton school and Wadham See also:College, See also:Oxford, where he graduated in 1875. In 1877 he married Mabel, daughter of R. W. See also:Hall-Dare of Newtownbarry, Co. See also:Wexford, and she became his See also:companion in all his travels. He went abroad every See also:year and became thoroughly acquainted with See also:Italy and See also:Greece. In 1879 he published a See also:book on the See also:republic of See also:San See also:Marino, entitled A Freak of Freedom, and was made a See also:citizen of San Marino; in the following year appeared See also:Genoa: How the Republic See also:Rose and See also:Fell, and in 1881 a See also:Life of Giuseppe See also:Garibaldi. He spent considerable See also:time in the See also:Aegean See also:archipelago, of which he wrote in The See also:Cyclades: or Life among the Insular Greeks (1885). From this See also:period Bent devoted himself particularly to archaeological See also:research. The years 1885–1888 were given up to investigations in See also:Asia See also:Minor, his discoveries and conclusions being communicated to the See also:Journal of Hellenic Studies and other magazines and reviews. In 1889 he undertook excavations in the Bahrein Islands of the See also:Persian Gulf, and found See also:evidence that they had been a See also:primitive See also:home of the Phoenician See also:race.

After an expedition in 1890 to See also:

Cilicia Trachea, where he obtained a valuable collection of See also:inscriptions, Bent spent a year in See also:South See also:Africa, with the See also:object, by investigation of some of the ruins in Mashonaland, of throwing See also:light on the vexed question of their origin and on the See also:early See also:history of See also:East Africa. He made the first detailed examination of the See also:Great See also:Zimbabwe. Bent described his See also:work in The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland (1892). In 1893 he investigated the ruins of Axum and other places in the See also:north of See also:Abyssinia, partially made known before by the researches of See also:Henry See also:Salt and others, and The Sacred See also:City of the Ethiopians (1893) gave an See also:account of this expedition. Bent now visited at considerable See also:risk the almost unknown See also:Hadramut See also:country (1893–1894), and during this and later journeys in See also:southern See also:Arabia he studied the See also:ancient history of the country, its See also:physical features and actual See also:condition. On the Dhafar See also:coast in 1894–1895 he visited ruins which he identified with the Abyssapolis of the See also:frankincense merchants. In 1895–1896 he examined See also:part of the See also:African coast of the Red See also:Sea, finding there the ruins of a very ancient See also:gold-mine and traces of what he considered Sabean See also:influence. While on another See also:journey in South Arabia (1896–1897), Bent was seized with malarial See also:fever, and died in See also:London on the 5th of May 1897, a few days after his return. Mrs Bent, who had contributed by her skill as a photographer and in other ways to the success of her See also:husband's journeys, published in 1900 Southern Arabia, Soudan and Sakotra, in which were given the results of their last expedition into that region. The conclusions at which Bent arrived as to the Semitic origin of the ruins in Mashonaland have not been accepted by archaeologists, but the value of his See also:pioneer work is undeniable (see ZIMBABWE).

End of Article: BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

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