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See also:LAFFITTE, JACQUES (1767-1844) , See also:French banker and politician, was See also:born at See also:Bayonne on the 24th of See also:October 1767, one of the ten See also:children of a See also:carpenter. He became clerk in the banking See also:house of Perregaux in See also:Paris, was made a partner in the business in 1800, and in 1804 succeeded Perregaux as See also:head of the See also:firm. The house of Perregaux, Laffitte et Cie. became one of the greatest in See also:Europe, and Laffitte became See also:regent (1809), then See also:governor (1814) of the See also:Bank of See also:France and See also:president of the Chamber of See also:Commerce (1814). He raised large sums of See also:money for the provisional See also:government in 1814 and for See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XVIII. during the See also:Hundred Days, and it was with him that See also:Napoleon deposited five million francs in See also:gold before leaving France for the last See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. Rather than permit the government to appropriate the money from the Bank he supplied two million from his own See also:pocket for the arrears of the imperial troops after See also:Waterloo. He was returned by the See also:department of the See also:Seine to the Chamber of Deputies in 1816, and took his seat on the See also:Left. He spoke chiefly on See also:financial questions; his known Liberal views did not prevent Louis XVIII. from insisting on his inclusion on the See also:commission on the public finances. In 1818 he saved Paris from a financial crisis by buying a large amount of stock, but next See also:year, in consequence of his heated See also:defence of the See also:liberty of the See also:press and the electoral See also:law of 1867, the governorship of the Bank was taken from him. One of the earliest and most determined of the partisans of a constitutional See also:monarchy under the See also:duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, he was See also:deputy for Bayonne in See also:July 183o, when his house in Paris became the headquarters of the revolutionary party. When See also:Charles X., after retracting the hated ordinances, sent the See also:comte d'Argoutl to Laffitte to negotiate a See also:change of See also:ministry, the banker replied, " It is too See also:late. There is no longer a Charles X.," and it was he who secured the nomination of Louis Philippe as See also:lieutenant-See also:general of the See also:kingdom. On the 3rd of See also:August he became president of the Chamber of Deputies, and on the 9th he received in this capacity Louis Philippe's See also:oath to the new constitution. The clamour of the Paris See also:mob for the See also:death of the imprisoned ministers of Charles X., which in October culminated in riots, induced the
i Apoilinaire See also:Antoine See also:Maurice, comte d'Argout (1782-1858), after-wards reconciled to the July monarchy, and a member of the Laffitte, Casimir-See also:Perier and See also:Thiers cabinets.more moderate members of the government—including See also:Guizot, the duc de See also:Broglie and Casimir-Perier—to See also:hand over the See also:administration to a ministry which, possessing the confidence of the revolutionary Parisians, should be in a better position to See also:save the ministers from their fury. On the 5th of See also:November, accordingly, Laffitte became See also:minister-president of a government pledged to progress (mouvement), holding at the same time the See also:portfolio of See also:finance. The government was torn between the See also:necessity for preserving See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and the no less pressing necessity (for the moment) of conciliating the Parisian populace; with the result that it succeeded in doing neither one nor the other. The impeached ministers were, indeed, saved by the courage of the Chamber of Peers and the attitude of the See also:National Guard; but their safety was bought at the See also:price of Laffitte's popularity. His policy of a French intervention .in favour of the See also:Italian revolutionists, by which he might have regained his popularity, was thwarted by the See also:diplomatic policy of Louis Philippe. The resignation of See also:Lafayette and See also:Dupont de 1'See also:Eure still further undermined the government, which, incapable even of keeping order in the streets of Paris, ended by being discredited with all parties. At length Louis Philippe, anxious to See also:free himself from the hampering See also:control of the agents of his See also:fortune, thought it safe to See also:parade his want of confidence in the See also:man who had made him See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. Thereupon, in See also:March 1831, Laffitte resigned, begging See also:pardon of See also:God and man for the See also:part he had played in raising Louis Philippe to the See also:throne. He left See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office politically and financially a ruined man. His affairs were See also:wound up in 1836, and next year he created a See also:credit bank, which prospered as See also:long as he lived, but failed in 1848. He died in Paris on the 26th of May 1844.
See P. Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet (vol. i. 1884).
End of Article: LAFFITTE, JACQUES (1767-1844)
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