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QUINCY, JOSIAH (1744–1775)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 754 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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QUINCY, See also:JOSIAH (1744–1775) , See also:American patriot, son of Josiah Quincy (1709–1784), was See also:born in See also:Boston on the 23rd of See also:February 1744. He was a descendant of See also:Edmund Quincy, who emigrated to See also:Massachusetts in 1633, and received in 1636 a See also:grant of See also:land at See also:Mount See also:Wollaston, or Merry Mount, after-wards a See also:part of See also:Braintree and now Quincy. He graduated at Harvard in 1763, and studied See also:law in the See also:office of Oxenbridge Thacher (d. 1765), to whose large practice he succeeded. In 1767 Quincy contributed to the Boston See also:Gazette two bold papers, signed "See also:Hyperion," declaiming against See also:British oppression; they were followed by a third in See also:September 1768; and on the 12th of February 1770 he published in the Gazette a See also:call to his countrymen to break off all social intercourse " with those whose See also:commerce contaminates, whose luxuries See also:poison, whose avarice is insatiable, and whose unnatural oppressions are not to be See also:borne." After the " Boston See also:massacre " (5th of See also:March 1770) he and See also:John See also:Adams defended See also:Captain See also:Preston and the accused soldiers and secured their acquittal.' He used the signatures " See also:Mentor," " See also:Callisthenes," " See also:Marchmont Needham," " See also:Edward See also:Sexby," &c., in later letters to the Boston Gazette. He travelled for his See also:health in the See also:South in 1773, and See also:left in his See also:journal an interesting See also:account of his travels and of society in South Carolina; this See also:journey was important in that it brought See also:Southern patriots into closer relations with the popular leaders in Massachusetts. In May 1774 he published Observations on the See also:Act of See also:Parliament, commonly called " The Boston See also:Port See also:Bill," with Thoughts on See also:Civil Society and See also:Standing Armies, in which he urged " patriots and heroes " to " See also:form a compact for opposition—a See also:band for vengeance." In September 1774 he left for See also:England, where he consulted with leading Whigs as to the See also:political situation in See also:America; on the 16th of March 177 5 he started back, but he died on the 26th of See also:April in sight of land. See the Memoir of the See also:Life of Josiah Quincy, Jun., of Massachusetts (Boston, 1825; 2nd ed., 1874), by his son, which contains his more important papers. His son, JoSIAH QUINCY (1772-1864), American lawyer and author, was born in Boston on the 4th of February 1772. He studied at See also:Phillips See also:Academy, See also:Andover, graduated at Harvard in 1790, studied law, and was admitted to the See also:bar in 1793, but was never a prominent See also:advocate He became a See also:leader of the Federalist party in Massachusetts; was an unsuccessful See also:candidate for the See also:national See also:House of Representatives in 'Soo; served in the Massachusetts See also:Senate in 1804–5; and was a member in 1805–13 of the national House of Representatives, where he was one of the small Federalist minority. He attempted to secure the exemption of fishing vessels from the See also:Embargo Act, urged the strengthening of the American See also:navy, and vigorously opposed the erection of See also:Orleans Territory (See also:Louisiana) into a See also:state in 1811, and stated as his " deliberate See also:opinion, that if this bill passes, the bonds of this See also:Union are virtually dissolved; that the States that compose it are See also:free from their moral obligations to maintain it; and that, as it will be the right of all, so it will be the See also:duty of some to prepare definitely for a separation,—amicably if they can, violently if they must." This is probably " the first assertion of the right of See also:secession on the See also:floor of See also:Congress." Quincy left Congress because he saw that the Federalist opposition was useless, and thereafter was a member of the Massachusetts Senate until 182o; in 1821–22 he was a member and See also:speaker of the state House of Representatives, from which he resigned to become See also:judge of the municipal See also:court of Boston. In 1823–28 he was See also:mayor of Boston, and in his See also:term Faneuil See also:Hall See also:Market House was His eldest See also:brother, See also:SAMUEL QUINCY (1735-1789), was at this See also:time See also:solicitor-See also:general of Massachusetts, and opened this trial.

He remained loyal to the See also:

Crown, left Boston in 1776, and was See also:attorney for the Crown in See also:Antigua until his See also:death. built, the See also:fire and See also:police departments were reorganized, and the See also:city's care of the poor was systematized. In 1829–1845 he was See also:president of Harvard See also:College, of which he had been an overseer since 1810, when the See also:board was reorganized; he has been called " the See also:great organizer of the university ": he gave an elective (or voluntary ") See also:system an elaborate trial; introduced a system of marking (on the See also:scale of 8) on which college See also:rank and honours, formerly rather carelessly assigned, were based; first used courts of law to punish students who destroyed or injured college See also:property; and helped to reform the finances of the university. During his term Dane Hall (for law) was dedicated, See also:Gore Hall was built, and the Astronomical See also:Observatory was equipped. His last years were spent principally on his See also:farm in Quincy, where he died on the 1st of See also:July 1864. He wrote a Memoir of his See also:father (1825); a See also:History of Harvard University (2 vols., 1840), marred by a tendency to belittle the clerical regime; The See also:Journals of See also:Major Samuel See also:Shaw (1847); The History of the Boston See also:Athenaeum (1851); The Municipal History of the See also:Town and City of Boston (1852); a Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams (1858); and Essays on the Soiling of See also:Cattle (1859), only one of his many See also:practical contributions to See also:agriculture. See Edmund Quincy, Life of Josiah Quincy (Boston, 1867). JoSIAH QUINCY (1802-1882), son of the last-named, was mayor of Boston in 1845–1849, and author of Figures of the Past (1882); his brother EDMUND (1808–1877) was a prominent Abolitionist, and author of the See also:biography of his father and of a See also:romance, Wensley (1854); and his See also:sister ELIZA SUSAN (1798–1884) was her father's secretary and the biographer of her See also:mother. Josiah Quincy (1802–1882) had two sons—JosIAH PHILLIPS (1829-1910), a lawyer, who wrote, besides some See also:verse, The See also:Protection of Majorities (1876) and See also:Double See also:Taxation in Massachusetts (1889); and SAMUEL See also:MILLER (1833–1887), who practised law, wrote on legal subjects, served in the Union See also:army during the Civil See also:War, and was breveted brigadier-general of See also:volunteers in 1865. JOSIAH QUINCY (b.

1859), a son of Josiah Phillips Quincy, was prominent in the Democratic party in Massachusetts, and was mayor of Boston in 1895–1899.

End of Article: QUINCY, JOSIAH (1744–1775)

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