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GORE, CHARLES (1853– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 255 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GORE, See also:CHARLES (1853– ) , See also:English divine, was See also:born in 1853, the 3rd son of the Hon. Charles See also:Alexander Gore, See also:brother of the 4th See also:earl of See also:Arran. His See also:mother was a daughter of the 4th earl of See also:Bessborough. He was educated at See also:Harrow and at Balliol See also:College, See also:Oxford, and was elected See also:fellow of Trinity College in 1875• From 188o to 1883 he was See also:vice-See also:principal of the theological college at Cuddesdon, and, when in 1884 See also:Pusey See also:House was founded at Oxford as a See also:home for Dr Pusey's library and a centre for the See also:propagation of his principles, he was appointed principal, a position which he held until 1893. As principal of Pusey House Mr Gore exercised a wide See also:influence over undergraduates and the younger See also:clergy, and it was largely, if not mainly, under this influence that the " Oxford See also:Movement " underwent a See also:change which to the survivors of the old school of Tractarians seemed to involve a break with its basic principles. " TPuseyism " had been in the highest degree conservative, basing itself on authority and tradition, and repudiating any See also:compromise with the See also:modern See also:critical and liberalizing spirit. Mr Gore, starting from the same basis of faith and authority, soon found from his See also:practical experience in dealing with the " doubts and difficulties " of the younger See also:generation that this uncompromising attitude was untenable, and set himself the task of reconciling the principle of authority in See also:religion with that of scientific authority by attempting to define the boundaries of their respective See also:spheres of influence. To him the divine authority of the See also:Catholic See also:Church was an See also:axiom, and in x889 he published two See also:works, the larger of which, The Church and the See also:Ministry, is a learned vindication of the principle of Apostolic See also:Succession in the episcopate against the Presbyterians and other See also:Protestant bodies, while the second, See also:Roman Catholic Claims, is a See also:defence, couched in a more popular See also:form, of the See also:Anglican Church and Anglican orders against the attacks of the Romanists. So far his published views had been in See also:complete consonance with those of the older Tractarians. But in 1890 a See also:great stir was created by the publication, under his editorship, of Lux Mundi, a See also:series of essays by different writers, being an See also:attempt " to succour a distressed faith by endeavouring to bring the See also:Christian Creed into its right relation to the modern growth of knowledge, scientific, historic, critical; and to modern problems of politics and See also:ethics." Mr Gore himself contributed an See also:essay on " The See also:Holy Spirit and See also:Inspiration." The See also:book, which ran through twelve See also:editions in a little over a See also:year, met with a some-what mixed reception. Orthodox churchmen, Evangelical and Tractarian alike, were alarmed by views on the incarnate nature of See also:Christ that seemed to them to impugn his Divinity, and by concessions to the Higher See also:Criticism in the See also:matter of the inspiration of Holy Scriptures which appeared to them to convert the " impregnable See also:rock," as See also:Gladstone had called it, into a See also:foundation of See also:sand; sceptics,. on the other See also:hand, were not greatly impressed by a See also:system of defence which seemed to draw an artificial See also:line beyond which criticism was not to advance. None the less the book produced a profound effect, and that far beyond the See also:borders of the English Church, and it is largely due to its influence, and to that of the school it represents, that the High Church movement See also:developed thenceforth on " Modernist " rather than Tractarian lines.

In 1891 Mr Gore was chosen to deliver the See also:

Bampton lectures before the university, and See also:chose for his subject the Incarnation. In these lectures he developed the See also:doctrine, the enunciation of which in Lux Mundi had caused so much See also:heart-searching. This is an attempt to explain how it came that Christ, though incarnate See also:God, could be in See also:error, e.g. in his citations from the Old Testament. The orthodox explanation was based on the principle of See also:accommodation (q.v.). This, however, ignored the difficulty that if Christ during his sojourn on See also:earth was not subject to human limitations,.especially of knowledge, he was not a See also:man as other men, and therefore not subject to their trials and temptations. This difficulty Gore sought to meet through the doctrine of the KEvwals. Ever since the Pauline epistles had been received into the See also:canon theologians had, from various points of view, at-tempted to explain what St See also:Paul meant when he wrote of Christ (2 Phil. ii. 7) that " he emptied himself and took upon him the form of a servant " (laurov EKEvwtmv µop /n v Sovwou Xa/3wv). According to Mr Gore this means that Christ, on his incarnation, became subject to all human limitations, and had, so far as his See also:life on earth was concerned, stripped himself of all the attributes of the Godhead, including the Divine omniscience, the Divine nature being, as it were, hidden under the human.' Lux Mundi and the Bampton lectures led to a situation of some tension which was relieved when in 1893 Dr Gore resigned his principalship and became See also:vicar of Radley, .a small See also:parish near Oxford. In 1894 he became canon of See also:Westminster. Here he gained commanding influence as a preacher and in 1898 was appointed one of the See also:court chaplains. In 1902 he succeeded ' Cf. the Lutheran theologian See also:Ernst Sartorius in his Lehre von der heiligen Liebe (1844), Lehre ii. pp.

21 et seq.: " the Son of God veils his all-seeing See also:

eye and descends into human darkness and as See also:child of man opens his eye as the gradually growing See also:light of the See also:world of humanity, until at the right hand of the See also:Father he allows it to shine forth in all its See also:glory." See Loofs, See also:Art. " Kenosis " in See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie (ed. 1901), X. 247. 255 J. J. S. See also:Perowne as See also:bishop of See also:Worcester and in 1905 was installed bishop of See also:Birmingham, a new see the creation of which had been mainly due to his efforts. While adhering rigidly to his views on the divine institution of See also:episcopacy as essential to the Christian Church, Dr Gore from the first cultivated friendly relations with the ministers of other denominations, and advocated co-operation with them in all matters when agreement was possible. In social questions he became one of the leaders of the considerable See also:group of High Churchmen known, somewhat loosely, as Christian Socialists. He worked actively against the sweating system, pleaded for See also:European intervention in See also:Macedonia, and was a keen supporter of the Licensing See also:Bill of 1908. In 1892 he founded the clerical fraternity known as the Community of the Resurrection.

Its members are priests, who are See also:

bound by the See also:obligation of See also:celibacy, live under a See also:common See also:rule and with a common See also:purse. Their See also:work is See also:pastoral, evangelistic, See also:literary and educational. In 1898 the House of the Resurrection at See also:Mirfield, near See also:Huddersfield, became the centre of the community; in 1903 a college for training candidates for orders was established there, and in the same year a See also:branch house, for missionary work, was set up in See also:Johannesburg in See also:South See also:Africa. Dr Gore's works include The Incarnation (Bampton Lectures, 1891), The Creed of the Christian (1845), The See also:Body of Christ (1901), The New See also:Theology and the Old Religion (1908), and expositions of The See also:Sermon on the See also:Mount (1896), See also:Ephesians (1898), and See also:Romans (1899), while in 1910 he published Orders and Unity.

End of Article: GORE, CHARLES (1853– )

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