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AESOP (Gr. Aivwvros)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 277 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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AESOP (Gr. Aivwvros)

AESOP (Gr. Aivwvros) , famous for his Fables, is supposed to have lived from about 62o to 56o B.C. The See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of his See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth is uncertain—Thrace, See also:

PHRYGIA

Phrygia, Aethiopia, See also:

SAMOS

Samos, See also:

Athens and See also:

SARDIS

Sardis all claiming the See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour. We possess little trustworthy See also:

INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information concerning his See also:

LIFE

life, except that he was the slave of Iadmon of Samos and met with a violent See also:

DEATH

death at the hands of the in-habitants of See also:

DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi. A pestilence that ensued being attributed to this See also:

CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime, the Delphians declared their willingness to make See also:

COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation, which, in See also:

DEFAULT (Fr. defaut, from defailler, to fail, Lat. fallere)

default of a nearer connexion, was claimed and received by Iadmon, the See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of his old See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master. See also:

HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, who is our authority for this (ii. 134), does not See also:

state the cause of his death; various reasons are assigned by later writers—his insulting sarcasms, the See also:

EMBEZZLEMENT (A.-Fr. embesilement, from beseler or besillier, to destroy)

embezzlement of See also:

MONEY

money entrusted to him by See also:

CROESUS

Croesus for See also:

DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution at Delphi, the See also:

THEFT

theft of a See also:

SILVER

silver See also:

CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup. Aesop must have received his freedom from Iadmon, or he could not have conducted the public See also:

defence of a certain Samian See also:

DEMAGOGUE (Gr. Srlµaywybs, from iyety, to lead, and Siµos, the people)

demagogue (See also:

Aristotle, See also:

RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

Rhetoric, ii. 20). According to the See also:

story, he subsequently lived at the See also:

court of Croesus, where he met See also:

SOLON (7th and 6th century n.c.)

Solon; and dined in the See also:

COMPANY

company of the Seven Sages of See also:

GREECE

Greece with See also:

PERIANDER (Gr. IIepiavSpos)

Periander at See also:

Corinth. During the reign of See also:

PEISISTRATUS, (605?–527 B.c.)

Peisistratus he is said to have visited Athens, on which occasion he related the See also:

FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable of The Frogs asking for a See also:

King, to dissuade the citizens from attempting to See also:

EXCHANGE

exchange Peisistratus for another ruler. The popular stories current regarding him are derived from a life, or rather See also:

ROMANCE

romance, prefixed to a See also:

BOOK

book of fables, purporting to be his, collected by See also:

Maximus See also:

PLANUDES, MAXIMUS (c. 1260-1330)

Planudes, a See also:

monk of the 14th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

In this he is described as a See also:

monster of ugliness and deformity, as he is also represented in a well-known See also:

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble figure in the See also:

VILLA

Villa See also:

Albani at See also:

Rome. That this life, however, was in existence a century before Planudes, appears from a 13th-century MS. of it found at See also:

Florence. In See also:

Plutarch's See also:

SYMPOSIUM (Gr. avyr6cnov, a drinking party, from avµirivecv, to drink together, abv, with, and 7rivecv, to drink, root 7ro, cf. Lat. potare, to drink, poculum, cup)

Symposium of the Seven Sages, at which Aesop is a See also:

guest, there are many jests on his See also:

ORIGINAL

original servile See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition, but nothing derogatory is said about his See also:

PERSONAL

personal See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance. We are further told that the Athenians erected in his honour a See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble statue by thefamous sculptor See also:

LYSIPPUS

Lysippus, which furnishes a strong See also:

ARGUMENT

argument against the fiction of his deformity. Lastly, the obscurity in which the See also:

HISTORY

history of Aesop is involved has induced some scholars to deny his existence altogether. It is probable that Aesop did not commit his fables to See also:

writing; See also:

Aristophanes (Wasps, 1259) represents Philocleon as having learnt the " absurdities " of Aesop from conversation at banquets, and See also:

SOCRATES

Socrates whiles away his See also:

time in See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison by turning some of Aesop's fables " which he knew " into See also:

VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse (See also:

PLATO

Plato, See also:

PHAEDO

Phaedo, 61 b). See also:

DEMETRIUS

Demetrius of Phalerum (345–283 B.C.) made a collection in ten books, probably in See also:

PROSE

prose (Aoycov Aiowireiwv vvvaywyai) for the use of orators, which has been lost. Next appeared an edition in elegiac verse, often cited by Suidas, but the author's name is unknown. See also:

BABRIUS

Babrius, according to See also:

CRUSIUS, CHRISTIAN AUGUST (1715–1775)

Crusius, a See also:

ROMAN

Roman and See also:

TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to the son of See also:

Alexander See also:

Severus, turned the fables into choliambics in the earlier See also:

PART

part of the 3rd century A.D. The most celebrated of the Latin adapters is See also:

PHAEDRUS

Phaedrus, a freedman of See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus. See also:

AVIANUS

Avianus (of uncertain date, perhaps the 4th century) translated 42 of the fables into Latin elegiacs. The collections which we possess under the name of Aesop's Fables are See also:

LATE

late renderings of Babrius's version or HpoyvuvaaµaTa, rhetorical exercises of varying See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age and merit.

See also:

SYNTIPAS

Syntipas translated Babrius into See also:

SYRIAC

Syriac, and Andreopulos put the Syriac back again into See also:

Greek. See also:

IGNATIUS ('Iyvfrior)

Ignatius Diaconus, in the 9th century, made a version of 53 fables in choliambic tetrameters. Stories from See also:

ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

SOURCES

sources were added, and from these collections Maximus Planudes made and edited the collection which has come down to us under the name of Aesop, and from which the popular fables of See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

EUROPE

Europe have been derived. For further information see the See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article FABLE; See also:

Bentley, Dissertation on the Fables of Aesop; Du Meril, Poesies inidites du moyen age (1854) ; J. See also:

JACOBS, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1764-1847)

Jacobs, The Fables of Aesop (1889) :.i. The history of the Aesopic fable; ii. The Fables of Aesop, as first printed by See also:

William See also:

CAXTON, WILLIAM (c. 1422-1491)

Caxton, 1484, from his See also:

French See also:

TRANSLATION

translation; Hervieux, See also:

LES

Les Fabulistes Latins (1893-1899). Before any Greek See also:

TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text appeared, a Latin translation of too Fabulae Aesopicae by an See also:

ITALIAN

Italian See also:

SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar named Ranuzio (Renutius) was published at Rome, 1476. About 148o the collection of Planudes was brought out at See also:

Milan by Buono See also:

ACCORSO (Accuxslus), MARIANGELO (c. 1490--1544)

Accorso (See also:

ACCURSIUS (Ital. AccoRso), FRANCISCUS (1182-1260)

Accursius), together with Ranuzio's translation. This edition, which contained 144 fables, was frequently reprinted and additions made from time to time from various See also:

MSS

MSS.—the See also:

HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg (See also:

PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

Palatine), Florentine, Vatican and Augsburg—by Stephanus (1547), Nevelet (161o), See also:

Hudson (1718), See also:

Hauptmann (1741), Furia (181o), Coray (181o), See also:

Schneider (1812) and others. A See also:

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition of all the previously known fables, prepared by Carl von See also:

HALM, CARL FELIX (18o9-1882)

Halm from the collections of Furia, Coray and Schneider, was published in the Teubner See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Greek and Latin texts. A Fabularum Aesopicarum sylloge (233 in number) from a See also:

Paris MS., with critical notes by Sternbach, appeared in a See also:

CRACOW (Pol. Krakov; Ger. Krakau)

Cracow University publication, Rozprawy akademii unziejetnosci (1894).

End of Article: AESOP (Gr. Aivwvros)

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