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JACOBS, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH WILHELM (...

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 121 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JACOBS, See also:CHRISTIAN See also:FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1764-1847) , See also:German classical See also:scholar, was See also:born at See also:Gotha on the 6th of See also:October 1764. After studying See also:philology and See also:theology at See also:Jena and See also:Gottingen,• in 1785 he became teacher in the gymnasium of his native See also:town, and in 18o2 was appointed to an See also:office in the public library. In 1807 he became classical See also:tutor in the See also:lyceum of See also:Munich, but, disgusted at the attacks made upon him by the old Bavarian See also:Catholic party, who resented the introduction of " See also:north German " teachers, he returned to Gotha in 1810 to take See also:charge of the library and the numismatic See also:cabinet. He remained in Gotha till his See also:death on the 3oth of See also:March 1847. Jacobs was an extremely successful teacher; he took See also:great See also:interest in the affairs of his See also:country, and was a publicist of no mean See also:order. But his great See also:work was an edition of the See also:Greek See also:Anthology, with copious notes, in 13 volumes (1798-1814), supplemented by a revised See also:text from the Codex Palatinus (1814-1817). He published also notes on I-Iorace, See also:Stobaeus, See also:Euripides, See also:Athenaeus and the Iliaca of See also:Tzetzes; See also:translations of See also:Aelian (See also:History of Animals); many of the Greek romances; See also:Philostratus; poetical versions of much of the Greek Anthology; See also:miscellaneous essays on classical subjects; and some very successful school books. His See also:translation of the See also:political speeches of See also:Demosthenes was undertaken with the See also:express purpose of the autumn of 1872, while See also:collecting See also:plants in a morass near Ordrup, he contracted pulmonary disease. His illness, which cut him off from scientific investigation, drove him to literature. He met the famous critic, Dr Georg See also:Brandes, who was struck by his See also:powers of expression, and under his See also:influence, in the See also:spring of 1873, See also:Jacobsen began his great See also:historical See also:romance of See also:Marie Grubbe. His method of See also:composition was painful and elaborate, and his work was not ready for publication until the See also:close of 1876. In 1879 he was too See also:ill to write at all; but in 188o an improvement came, and he finished his second novel, Niels Lyhne.

In 1882 he published a See also:

volume of six See also:short stories, most of them written a few years earlier, called, from the first of them, Mogens. After this he wrote no more, but lingered on in his See also:mother's See also:house at Thisted until the 3oth of See also:April 1885. In 1886 his See also:posthumous fragments were collected. It was See also:early recognized that Jacobsen was the greatest artist in See also:prose that See also:Denmark has produced. He has been compared with See also:Flaubert, with De Quincey, with See also:Pater; but these parallelisms merely express a sense of the intense individuality of his See also:style, and of his untiring pursuit of beauty in See also:colour, See also:form and See also:melody. Although he wrote so little, and crossed the living See also:stage so hurriedly, his influence in the North has been far-reaching. It may be said that no one in Denmark or See also:Norway has tried to write prose carefully since 188o whose efforts have not been in some degree modified by the example of Jacobsen's laborious See also:art. His Samlede Skrifter appeared in two volumes in 1888; in 1899 his letters (Breve) were edited by Edvard Brandes. In 1896 an See also:English translation of See also:part of the former was published under the See also:title of See also:Siren Voices: Niels Lyhne, by See also:Miss E. F. L. See also:Robertson.

(E. G.) See also:

JACOB'S WELL, the See also:scene of the conversation between Jesus and the " woman of Sarnaria " narrated in the See also:Fourth See also:Gospel, is described as being in the neighbourhood of an other-See also:wise unmentioned " See also:city called Sychar." From the See also:time of See also:Eusebius this city has been identified with Sychem or See also:Shechem (See also:modern Nablus), and the well is still in existence 1a m. E. of the town, at the See also:foot of Mt See also:Gerizim. It is beneath one of the ruined See also:arches of a See also:church mentioned by See also:Jerome, and is reached by a few rough steps. When See also:Robinson visited it in 1838 it was 105 ft. deep, but it is now much shallower and often dry. For a discussion of Sychar as distinct from Shechem see T. K. See also:Cheyne, art. " Sychar," in Ency. Bibl., See also:col. 483o. It is possible that Sychar should be placed at Tulul Galata, a See also:mound about z m.

W. of the well (See also:

Palestine Exploration Fund Statement, 1907, p. 92 seq.); when that See also:village See also:fell into ruin the name may have migrated to 'Askar, a village on the See also:lower slopes of Mt Ebal about It m. E.N.E. from Nablus and 4 m. N. from Jacob's Well. It may be noted that the difficulty is not with the location of the well, but with the See also:identification of Sychar.

End of Article: JACOBS, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1764-1847)

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