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FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 524 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FLODDEN, or FLODDEN See also:FIELD , near the See also:village of See also:Branxton, in See also:Northumberland, See also:England (10 m. N.W. of Wooler), the See also:scene of a famous See also:battle fought on the 9th of See also:September 513 between the See also:English and the Scots. On the .22nd of See also:August a See also:great Scottish See also:army under See also:King See also:James IV. had crossed the border. For the moment the See also:earl of See also:Surrey (who in King See also:Henry VIII.'s See also:absence was charged with the See also:defence: of the See also:realm) had no organized force in the See also:north of England, but James wasted much See also:precious See also:time among the border castles, and when Surrey appeared at Wooler, with an army equal in strength to his own,which was now greatly weakened by privations and See also:desertion, he had not advanced beyond See also:Ford See also:Castle. The English See also:commander promptly sent in a See also:challenge to a pitched battle, which the king, in spite of the See also:advice of his most trusted counsellors, accepted. On the 6th of September, however, he See also:left Ford and took up a strong position facing See also:south, on Flodden Edge. Surrey's reproaches for the alleged See also:breach of faith, and a second challenge to fight on Millfield See also:Plain were this time disregarded. The English commander, thus foiled, executed a daring and skilful See also:march See also:round the enemy's flank, and on the 9th See also:drew up for battle in See also:rear of the hostile army. It is evident that Surrey was confident of victory, for he placed his own army, not less than the enemy, in a position where defeat would involve utter ruin. On his See also:appearance the Scots hastily changed front and took See also:post on Branxton See also:Hill, facing north. The battle began at 4 P.M. Surrey's archers and See also:cannon soon gained the upper See also:hand, and the Scots, unable quietly to endure their losses, rushed to See also:close quarters.

Their left wing drove the English back, but See also:

Lord Dacre's reserve See also:corps restored the fight on this See also:side. In all other parts of the field, See also:save where James and Surrey were personally opposed, the English . gradually gained ground. The king's corps was then attacked by Surrey in front, and by See also:Sir See also:Edward See also:Stanley in flank. As the Scots were forced back, a See also:part of Dacre's force closed upon' the other flank, and finally Dacre himself, boldly neglecting an almost intact Scottish See also:division in front of him, charged in upon the rear of King James's corps. Sur-rounded and attacked on all sides, this, the remnant of the invading army, was doomed. The circle of spearmen around the king See also:grew less and less, and in the end James and a few of his nobles were alone left See also:standing. Soon they too died, fighting to the last 'See also:man. Among the ten thousand Scottish dead were all the leading men in the See also:kingdom of See also:Scotland, and there was no See also:family of importance that had not lost a member in this great disaster. The " King's See also:Stone," said to See also:mark the spot where James was killed, is at some distance from the actual battlefield. Sybil's Well," in See also:Scott's Marmion, is imaginary.

End of Article: FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD

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