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See also:TILLY, JOHANN TZERCLAES, See also:COUNT OF (1559-1632) , See also:general of the See also:Catholic See also:League in the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War, was See also:born in 1559 at the See also:chateau of Tilly in See also:Brabant. He was destined for the priesthood and received a strict Jesuit See also:education. But, preferring the career of a soldier, he entered a See also:Spanish See also:foot See also:regiment about 1574 as a volunteer, and in the course of several See also:campaigns See also:rose to the command of a See also:company. This being reduced, he again became a See also:simple pikeman, and as such he took See also:part in the famous See also:siege of See also:Antwerp by See also:Parma, whose See also:army afforded the best training in the See also:art of war then obtain-able. He distinguished himself by his bravery, and the See also:duke of See also:Lorraine gave him the governorship of I)un and Villefranche, which he held from 1590 to 1504. See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. made tempting
offers, which were refused, to induce him to enter the service of See also:France. Somewhat later he See also:left the. Spanish service for that of See also:Austria to fight against the See also:Turks. In 1602 he became See also:colonel in the imperial army, and raised a regiment of Walloon See also:infantry, which he commanded in the See also:assault on See also:Budapest, receiving a severe See also:wound. In 1604 he was made general of See also:artillery, and handled his new force with conspicuous success; the See also:campaign of this See also:year showed Tilly as a soldier of See also:great capacity, and in 1605 he was made a See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field-See also:marshal. His part in the dissensions in Austria, which preluded the Thirty Years' War, was marked by unswerving See also:loyalty and devotion to the See also:emperor and the Catholic See also:religion. In 16ro he left the service of the emperor to enter that of See also:Maximilian, duke of See also:Bavaria, the See also:head of the Catholic League. It was not, however, until 162o that he became See also:lieutenant-general to Maximilian and See also:commander-in-See also:chief of the field forces.
With the great victory of the Weisser See also:Berg near See also:Prague (161o) the new army and its See also:leader became celebrated through-out See also:Germany, and the See also:long and weary campaigns against See also:Christian, See also:Mansfeld and the See also:Protestant princes of the See also:north-See also:west established their reputation. The chief battles were Wimpfen (1622), Stadtlohn (1623), Wiesloch (1622), See also:Hochst (1622), the last being a great victory for the Catholic forces, and winning for Tilly the See also:title of count, which was given by the emperor himself (1622). The military operations of the Thirty Years' War will be found described under that heading. With the intervention of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Denmark, the struggle entered upon a new phase, and on the imperial See also:side a new army, that of See also:Wallenstein, appeared on the See also:scene, though it was the army of the League which wun the great success of the war at Lutter-am-Barenberge (1626). Throughout these arduous campaigns Tilly had other than military difficulties with which to contend. The military superiority of his veterans, trained as they were to his own ideal of " a ragged soldier and a See also:bright See also:musket," may be held to explain his victories over See also:superior See also:numbers, but the See also:energy which he displayed in the midst of See also:political difficulties was not less conspicuous than his leadership and See also:strategy. On two occasions, at least, he was thwarted by orders from the League; once the Protestants were allowed to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape into See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, once the army of Wallenstein was left to its own resources in the presence of the enemy. That the League achieved the successes which it actually did, was to the See also:credit of Tilly and his men rather than to any See also:action of the allied princes. It may be that Tilly cannot be considered as great a soldier as Wallenstein; it should, however, be See also:borne in mind that the League army never possessed the See also:prestige of an imperial force: that Tilly was repeatedly thwarted by political considerations, and that, even so, the hardest part of the task was achieved by the League army.
The defeat of King Christian was soon followed by the intervention of Gustavus See also:Adolphus, a great See also:captain at the head of the finest troops in See also:Europe. But Tilly was the best general of the old school; the League troops were trained after the Spanish See also:model, and the opening stages of the campaign did not display any marked superiority of the Swedes. At this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time Tilly was commander of the imperial forces as well as of his own army. The first great contest was for the See also:possession of See also:Magdeburg (1631). After one of the fiercest struggles of the war the See also:town was taken by See also:storm on the loth of May, and the See also:sack which followed was accompanied with every sort of atrocity. For this the old general has been held responsible, yet it was rather the magnitude of the See also:catastrophe than its See also:special cruelties which made it the most striking example of military barbarity in See also:modern See also:history. Tilly's See also:personal exertions saved the See also:cathedral and other religious buildings from pillage and See also:fire. Four months later Tilly and Gustavus, the representatives of the old and the new art of war, met in the See also:battle of See also:Breitenfeld (q.v.). The victory of Gustavus was See also:complete, though the imperial general, severely wounded as he was, managed to draw off his men in See also:good See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. A few more months of campaigning brought the two armies to the See also:Lech, where Gustavus was again victorious, and Tilly received a mortal wound, He died on977
the 3oth of See also:April 1632, in See also:Ingolstadt, and was buried in the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church at Altenotting in Bavaria.
See O. See also:Klopp, Tilly See also:im 3o jdhrigen Krieg (See also:Stuttgart, 1861); K. Wittich, Magdeburg, Gustav Adolf and Tilly; also memoir of Tilly in Allg. deutsche Biographie; Keym-Marcour, Johann Tzerclaes, See also:Graf v. Tilly; Count Villermont, Tilly, ou La Guerre de trente ans (Tournay, 1859).
End of Article: TILLY, JOHANN TZERCLAES, COUNT OF (1559-1632)
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