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INGOLSTADT

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 565 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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INGOLSTADT , a fortified See also:

town of See also:Germany, in the See also:kingdom of See also:Bavaria, on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Danube at its confluence with the Schutter, 52 M. See also:north of See also:Munich, at the junction of the See also:main lines of railway, Munich, See also:Bamberg and See also:Regensburg-See also:Augsburg. Pop. (1900) 22,207. The See also:principal buildings are the old See also:palace of the See also:dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, now used as an See also:arsenal; the new palace on the Danube; the remains of the earliest See also:Jesuits' See also:college in Germany, founded in 1555; the former university buildings, now a school; the See also:theatre; the large See also:Gothic Frauenkirche, founded in 14. 25, with two massive towers, containing several interesting monuments, among them the See also:tomb of Dr See also:Eck, See also:Luther's opponent; the Franciscan See also:convent and nunnery; and several other churches and hospitals. Ingol-stadt possesses several technical and other See also:schools. In 1472 a university was founded in the town by the Bavarian See also:duke, See also:Louis the See also:Rich, which at the end of the 16th See also:century was at tended by 4000 students. In 'Soo it was removed to See also:Landshut, whence it was transferred to Munich in 1826. Its newer public buildings include an Evangelical See also:church, a See also:civil See also:hospital, an arsenal and an orphanage. The See also:industries are See also:cannon-See also:founding, manufacture of See also:gunpowder and See also:cloth, and See also:brewing. Ingolstadt, known as Aureatum or Chrysopolis, was a royal See also:villa in the beginning of the 9th century, and received its See also:charter of civic See also:incorporation before 1255. After that date it See also:grew in importance, and became the See also:capital of a dukedom which merged in that of Bavaria-Munich.

The fortifications, erected in 1539, were put to the test during the contests of the See also:

Reformation See also:period and in the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War. Gustavus See also:Adolphus vainly besieged Ingolstadt in 1632, when See also:Tilly, to whom there is a See also:monument in the Frauenkirche, See also:lay mortally wounded within the walls. In the War of the See also:Spanish See also:Succession it was besieged by the See also:margrave of See also:Baden in 1704. In 1743 it was surrendered by the See also:French to the Austrians, and in 1800, after three months' See also:siege, the French, under See also:General See also:Moreau, took the town, and dismantled the fortifications. They were rebuilt on a much larger See also:scale under See also:King Louis I., and since 1870 Ingolstadt has ranked as a fortress of the first class. In 1872 even more important fortifications were constructed, which include tetes-de-See also:pont with See also:round towers of massive See also:masonry, and the See also:redoubt Tilly on the right bank of the See also:river. See Gerstner, Geschichte der Stadt Ingolstadt (Munich, 1853) ; and Prantl, Geschichte der See also:Ludwig Maximilians Universitdt (Munich, 1872).

End of Article: INGOLSTADT

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