|
See also:LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or See also:WEST See also:LOTHIAN , a See also:south-eastern See also:county of See also:Scotland, bounded N. by the See also:Firth of Forth, E. and S.E. by See also:Edinburghshire, S.W. by See also:Lanarkshire and N.W. by See also:Stirlingshire. It has an See also:area of 76,861 acres, or 120 sq. m., and a See also:coast See also:line of 17 M. The See also:surface rises very gradually from the Firth to the hilly See also:district in the south. A few See also:miles from the Forth a valley stretches from See also:east to west. Between the county See also:town and See also:Bathgate are several hills, the See also:chief being Knock (1017 ft.), Cairnpapple, or Cairnnaple (1000), Cocklerue (said to be a corruption of Cuckold-le-Roi, 912), Riccarton Hills (832) terminating eastwards in Binny See also:Craig, a striking See also:eminence similar to those of See also:Stirling and See also:Edinburgh, Torphichen Hills (777) and Bowden (749). In the coast district a few bold rocks are found, such as Dalmeny, Dundas (well wooded and with a precipitous front), the Binns and a rounded eminence of 559 ft. named Glower-o'er-'em or Bonnytoun, bearing on its See also:summit a See also:monument to See also:General See also:Adrian See also:Hope, who See also:fell in the See also:Indian See also:Mutiny. The See also:river See also:Almond, rising in Lanarkshire and pursuing a See also:north-easterly direction, enters the Firth at Cramond after a course of 24 m., during a See also:great See also:part of which it forms the boundary between West and See also:Mid Lothian. Its right-See also:hand tributary, Breich See also:Water, constitutes another portion of the line dividing the same counties. The See also:Avon, rising in the detached portion of See also:Dumbartonshire, flows eastwards across south Stirlingshire and then, following in the See also:main a northerly direction, passes the county town on the west and reaches the Firth about midway between See also:Grangemouth and Bo'ness, having served as the boundary of Stirlingshire, during rather more than the latter See also:half of its course. The only See also:loch is See also:Linlithgow See also:Lake (102 acres), immediately adjoining the county town on the north, a favourite resort of curlers and skaters. It is to ft. deep at the east end and 48 ft. at the west. Eels, See also:perch and braise (a See also:species of See also:roach) are abundant.
See also:Geology.—The rocks of Linlithgowshire belong almost without exception to the Carboniferous See also:system. At the See also:base is the Calciferous See also:Sandstone See also:series, most of which lies between the Bathgate Hills and the eastern boundary of the county. In this series are the See also:Queensferry See also:limestone, the See also:equivalent of the Burdiehouse limestone of Edinburgh, and the Binny sandstone See also:group with shales and See also:clays and the See also:Houston See also:coal See also:bed. At more than one See also:horizon in this series oil shales are found. The Bathgate Hills are formed of basaltic lavas and tuffs—an interbedded volcanic group possibly 2000 ft. thick in the Calciferous Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone series. A See also:peculiar serpentinous variety of the prevailing See also:rock ,is quarried at See also:Blackburn for See also:oven floors; it is known as " lakestone." Binns See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill is the site of one of the volcanic cones of the See also:period. The Carboniferous Limestone series consists of an upper and See also:low& limestone group—including the Petershill, See also:Index, Dykeneuk and Craigenbuck limestones—and a See also:middle group of shales, ironstones and coals; the Smithy, See also:Easter Main, Foul, Red and Splint coals belong to this horizon. Above the Carboniferous Limestone ,the
Millstone grit series crops in a See also:belt which may be traced from the mouth of the Avon southwards to Whitburn. This is followed by .the true coal-See also:measures with the Boghead or Torbanehill coal, the Colinburn, Main, See also:Ball, See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
Mill and Upper Cannel or See also:Shotts get_ coals of Armadale, Torbanehill and Fauldhouse.
See also:Climate and See also:Agriculture.—The See also:average rainfall for the See also:year is 29.9 in., and the average temperature 47.5° F. (See also:January 38° F.; See also:July 59.5° F.). More than three-fourths of the county, the agriculture of which is highly See also:developed, is under cultivation. The best See also:land is found along the coast, as at Carriden and Dalmeny. The farming is mostly arable, permanent pasture being practically stationary (at about 22,000 acres). Oats is the See also:principal See also:grain See also:crop, but See also:barley and See also:wheat are also cultivated. Farms between too and 300 acres are the most See also:common. Turnips and potatoes are the leading See also:green crops. Much land has been reclaimed; the See also:parish of See also:Livingston, for example, which in the beginning of the 18th See also:century was covered with See also:heath and See also:juniper, is now under rotation. In Torphichen and Bathgate, however, patches of See also:peat See also:moss and swamp occur, and in the south there are extensive See also:moors at Fauldhouse and Polkemmet. Live stock does not See also:count for so much in West Lothian as in other Scottish counties, though a considerable number of See also:cattle are fattened and See also:dairy farming is followed success-fully, the fresh See also:butter and See also:milk finding a See also:market in Edinburgh. There is some See also:sheep-farming, and horses and pigs are reared. The wooded land occurs principally in the parks and " policies " surrounding the many noblemen's mansions and private estates.
Other See also:Industries.—The shale-oil See also:trade flourishes at Bathgate, Broxburn, Armadale, Uphall, Winchburgh, Philpstoun and Dalmeny. There are important See also:iron-See also:works with blast furnaces at Bo'ness, Kiiineil, Whitburn and Bathgate, and coal is also largely See also:mined at these places.
Coal-See also:mining is supposed to have been followed since See also:Roman times, and the earliest document extant regarding coalpits in Scotland is a See also:charter granted about the end of the 12th century to See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Oldbridge of Carriden. See also:Fire-See also:clay is extensively worked in connexion with the coal, and ironstone employs many hands. Limestone, freestone and whinstone are all quarried. Binny See also:free-See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone was used for the Royal Institution and the See also:National See also:Gallery in Edinburgh, and many important buildings in See also:Glasgow. Some fishing is carried on from Queensferry, and Bo'ness is the principal See also:port.
Communications.—The North See also:British Railway See also:Company's line from Edinburgh to Glasgow runs across the north of the county, it controls the approaches to the Forth See also:Bridge, and serves the See also:rich See also:mineral district around See also:Airdrie and See also:Coatbridge in Lanarkshire via Bathgate. The Caledonian Railway Company's line from Glasgow to Edinburgh touches the extreme south of the See also:shire. The See also:Union See also:Canal, constructed in 1818-1822 to connect Edinburgh with the Forth and See also:Clyde Canal near Camelon in Stirlingshire, crosses the county, roughly following the N.B.R. line to See also:Falkirk. The Union Canal, which is 31 M. See also:long and belongs to the North British railway, is carried across the Almond and Avon on aqueducts designed by See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Telford, and near Falkirk is conveyed through a See also:tunnel 2100 ft. long.
See also:Population and See also:Administration.—In 1891 the population amounted to 52,808, and in 1901 to 65,708, showing an increase of 24.43% in the decennial period, the highest of any Scottish county for that See also:decade, and a See also:density of 547 persons to the sq. m. In 1901 five persons spoke Gaelic only, and 575 Gaelic and See also:English. The chief towns, with populations in 1901, are Bathgate (7549), Borrowstounness (9306), Broxburn (7099) and Linlithgow (4279). The shire returns one member to See also:parliament. Linlithgowshire is part of the sheriffdom of the Lothians and See also:Peebles, and a See also:resident See also:sheriff-substitute sits at Linlithgow and Bathgate. The county is under school-See also:board See also:jurisdiction, and there are See also:academies at Linlithgow, Bathgate and Bo'ness. The See also:local authorities entrust the bulk of the " See also:residue " See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant to the County Secondary See also:Education See also:Committee, which subsidizes elementary technical classes (See also:cookery, See also:laundry and dairy) and See also:science and See also:art and technological classes, including their equipment.
See also:History.—Traces of the Pictish inhabitants still exist. Near Inveravon is an See also:accumulation of shells—mostly oysters, which have long ceased to be found so far up the Forth--considered by geologists to be a natural bed, but pronounced by antiquaries to be a See also:kitchen midden. Stone cists have been discovered at Carlowrie, Dalmeny, Newliston and elsewhere; on Cairnnaple is a circular structure of remote but unknown date; and at Kipps is a cromlech that was once surrounded by stones. The See also:wall of See also:Antoninus lies for several miles in the shire. The See also:discovery of a See also:fine legionary tablet at Bridgeness in 1868 is held by some to be conclusive See also:evidence that the great rampart terminated at that point and not at Carriden. Roman campscan be distinguished at several, spots. On the hill of Bowden is an earthwork, which J. See also:Stuart Glennie and others connect with the struggle of the See also:ancient Britons against the See also:Saxons of See also:Northumbria. The See also:historical associations of the county mainly cluster See also:round the town of Linlithgow (q.v.). Kingscavil (pop. 629) disputes with Stonehouse in Lanarkshire the See also:honour of being the birthplace of See also:Patrick See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, the See also:martyr (15o4-1528).
See See also:Sir R. See also:Sibbald, History of the Sheriffdoms of Linlithgow and Stirlingshire (Edinburgh, 1710) G. Waldie, Walks along the See also:Northern Roman Wall (Linlithgow, 1883); R. J. H. See also:Cunningham, Geology of the Lothians (Edinburgh, 1838).
End of Article: LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!