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INDEX , a word that may be understood either specially as a table of references to a See also:book or, more generally, as an See also:indicator of the position of required See also:information on any given subject. According to classical usage, the Latin word index denoted a discoverer, discloser or informer; a See also:catalogue or See also:list; an inscription; the See also:title of a book; and the fore or index-See also:finger. See also:Cicero also used the word to See also:express the table of contents to a book, and explained his meaning by the See also:Greek See also:form See also:syllabus. See also:Shakespeare uses the word with the See also:general meaning of a table of contents or See also:preface—thus See also:Nestor says (See also:Troilus and Cressida, i. 3) :
The See also:original See also:parchment of the See also:Declaration, preserved in the See also:Department of See also:State (from 1841 to 1877 in the Patent See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
Office, once a See also:part of the Department of State), was injured—the injury was almost wholly to the signatures—in 1823 by the preparation of a facsimile See also:copper-See also:plate, and since 1894, when it was already partly illegible, it has been jealously guarded from See also:light and See also:air. The signers were as follows: See also:John See also:Hancock (1737–1792), of See also:Massachusetts, See also:president; See also:Button Gwinnett (c. 1732–1777), Lyman See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall (172 1790), See also:George See also:Walton (1740-18o4), of See also:Georgia; See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Hooper (1742–1790), See also:Joseph Hewes (1730-1779), John See also:Penn (1741–1788), of See also:North Carolina; See also:Edward See also:Rutledge (1749-1800), See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Heyward, Jr. (1746-1809), Thomas See also:Lynch, Jr. (1749-1779), See also:Arthur See also:Middleton (1742-1787), of See also:South Carolina; See also:Samuel See also:Chase (1741–1811), William See also:Paca (1740-1799), Thomas See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
Stone (1743-1787), See also:Charles See also:Carroll (1737–1832) of Carrollton, of See also:Maryland; George Wythe (1726–1806), See also:Richard See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee (1732–1794), Thomas See also:Jefferson (1743-1826), See also:Benjamin See also:Harrison (1740-1791), Thomas See also:Nelson, Jr.(' 738-1789), See also:Francis See also:Lightfoot Lee (1734-1797), See also:Carter Braxton (1736–1797), of See also:Virginia; See also:Robert See also:Morris (1734-1806), Benjamin See also:Rush (1745–1813), Benjamin See also:Franklin (17o6–179o), John See also:Morton (1724–1777), George Clymer (1739-1813), See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith (c. 1719-1806), George See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor (1716-1781), James See also:- WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
- WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
- WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
- WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
- WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
- WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
- WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
- WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
- WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
- WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
- WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
- WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
- WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
- WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
- WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )
Wilson (1742–1798), George See also:Ross (173o-1779), of See also:Pennsylvania; See also:Caesar See also:Rodney (1728–1784), George Read (1733-1798), Thomas McKean (1734–1817), of See also:Delaware; William See also:Floyd (1734–1821), See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Livingston (1716-1978), Francis See also:Lewis (1713-1803), Lewis Morris (1726-1798), of New See also:York; Richard See also:Stockton (1730-1781), John See also:Witherspoon (1722–1794), Francis See also:Hopkinson (1737-1791), John See also:Hart (1708-1780), See also:Abraham See also:Clark (1726-1794), of New See also:Jersey; See also:Josiah See also:Bartlett (1729-1995), William Whipple (1730-1785), See also:Matthew See also:Thornton (1714–1803), of New See also:Hampshire; Samuel See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams (1722-1803), John Adams (1735-1826), Robert Treat See also:Paine (1731-1814), Elbridge See also:Gerry (1744–1814), of Massachusetts; See also:Stephen See also:Hopkins (1707–1785), William See also:Ellery (1727–182o), of Rhode See also:Island; See also:Roger See also:Sherman (1721–1793), Samuel See also:Huntington (1932-1796), William See also:Williams (1731–1811), See also:Oliver See also:Wolcott (1726-1797), of See also:Connecticut. Not all the men who rendered the greatest services to See also:independence were in See also:Congress in See also:July 1776; not all who voted for the Declaration ever signed it; not all who signed it were members when it was adopted. The greater part of the signatures were certainly attached on the 2nd of See also:August; but at'least six were attached later. With one exception—that of Thomas McKean, See also:present on the 4th of July but not on the 2nd of August, and permitted to sign in 1781—all were added before printed copies with names attached were first authorized by Congress for public circulation in See also:January 1777.
See H. Friedenwald, The Declaration of Independence, An See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
Interpretation and an See also:Analysis (New York, 1904); J. H. See also:Hazleton, The Declaration of Independence: its See also:History (New York, 1906); M. See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
Chamberlain, John Adams ... with other Essays and Addresses (See also:Boston, 1898), containing, " The Authentication of the Declaration of Independence " (same in Massachusetts See also:Historical Society, Proceedings, Nov. 1884); M. C. See also:Tyler, See also:Literary History of the See also:American Revolution, vol. i. (New York, 1897), or same material in North American See also:Review, vol. 163, 1896, p. 1; W. F. See also:Dana in Harvard See also:Law Review, vol. 13, 1900, p. 319; G. E. See also:Ellis in J. See also:Winsor, Narrative and See also:Critical History of See also:America, vol. vi. (Boston, 1888); R. See also:Frothingham, Rise of the See also:Republic, ch. ii. (Boston, 1872). There are various collected See also:editions of See also:biographies of the signers; probably the best are John See also:Sanderson's See also:Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence (7 vols., See also:Philadelphia, 1823-1827), and William Brotherhead's Book of the Signers (Philadelphia, 186o, new ed., 1875). The Declaration itself is available in the Revised Statutes of the See also:United States (1878), and many other places. A facsimile of the original parchment in uninjured See also:condition is inserted in P. Force's American Archives, 5th See also:series, vol. i. at p. 1595 (See also:Washington, 1848). The reader will find it interesting to compare a study of the See also:French Declaration: G. See also:Jellinek, The Declaration of the Rights of See also:Man and of Citizens (New York, 1901; See also:German edition, See also:Leipzig, 1895; French See also:translation preferable because of preface of See also:Professor Larnande). (F. S.
End of Article: INDEX
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