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See also:TYLER, See also:JOHN (1790—1862) , tenth See also:president of the See also:United States, was See also:born at Greenway, See also:Charles See also:City See also:county, See also:Virginia, on the 29th of See also:March 1790. He was the second son of John Tyler (1747-1813), See also:governor of Virginia in 18o8—1811 and United States See also:district See also:judge in 1812—1813. The See also:family was of See also:English descent, but the claim of relationship to the famous Wat Tyler, though always stoutly maintained by President Tyler, cannot be substantiated. John Tyler the younger entered the See also:grammar-school of the See also:College of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William and See also:Mary, at See also:Williamsburg, in 1802, and graduated in 18o7. Two years later he was admitted to the See also:bar. His public See also:life began in 1811, when he was elected a member of the Virginia See also:House of Delegates. Here he served for five years, being chosen also in 1815 a member of the See also:council of See also:state. In 1813 he raised a See also:company for the See also:defence of See also:Richmond against the See also:British, serving subsequently in See also:minor operations elsewhere. From See also:December 1816 to March 1821 he was a member of the See also:national House of Representatives. A Republican in politics, and a See also:firm believer in the doctrines of strict construction and state See also:sovereignty which See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Jefferson had been principally instrumental in formulating, he opposed consistently the demand for See also:internal improvements and increased See also:tariff duties, and declined to follow See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Clay in the proposed recognition of the See also:independence of the See also:Spanish colonies in See also:South See also:America and in the See also:Missouri See also:Compromise legislation. For the conduct of See also:Jackson in See also:Florida, in the See also:summary See also:execution of See also:Arbuthnot and Ambrister, he had only strong condemnation. He declined a re-See also:election to the House in 1821. In 1823—1825 he was again a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and in 1825—1827 was governor of the state. In 1827 he was elected to the United States See also:Senate to succeed John See also:Randolph. In 1829—1830 he also served as a member of the Virginia constitutional See also:convention. His career as senator was marked by a degree of independence which at times made his party position uncertain, notwithstanding the fact that his See also:political ideas continued to be those of a thoroughgoing strict constructionist. Believing protective tariff duties to be unconstitutional, he voted against the " tariff of abominations " in 1828, and also against the tariff of 1832, since the latter measure, though reducingduties, showed no See also:- ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")
abandonment of the protective principle. The compromise tariff of 1833, made necessary by the hostile attitude of South Carolina, owed its inception largely to him, but he voted against the " force See also:bill," an See also:act for enforcing the collection of duties, being the only senator whose See also:vote was so recorded. His hostility to a high tariff policy, however, did not prevent him from condemning the South Carolina See also:ordinance of See also:nullification; and in the presidential election of 1832 he supported See also:Andrew Jackson, to whose political principles and methods, as to those of his advisers, he was invincibly opposed, as the " least objectionable " of the various candidates. The vigorous course of the president towards South Carolina, however, led him, after 1833, to act more and more with the opposition which presently became the Whig party; but he was never at See also:heart a Whig, at least as Whig principles came later to be defined, and his See also:place is with the Democrats of the See also:Calhoun school. He sought to incorporate in a new See also:code for the District of See also:Columbia, in 1832, a See also:prohibition of the slave See also:trade in the district, at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time opposing the abolition of See also:slavery there without the consent of See also:Maryland and Virginia, which had originally ceded the district to the United States. In the controversy over the removal of the See also:government deposits from the See also:Bank of the United States he sided with the bank, and voted for Clay's See also:resolution censuring See also:Jack-son for his course in the See also:matter. In 1833 he was again elected to the Senate, notwithstanding the See also:criticism of his See also:independent attitude and the wide approval of Jackson's policy in regard to the bank. In the election of 1836 he was supported as a See also:candidate for the See also:vice-See also:presidency by the See also:friends of See also:Hugh L. See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White of See also:Tennessee, the Democratic candidate opposed to See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin See also:Van Buren, and received 47 votes, none of them from Virginia. When the legislature of Virginia voted instructions to its senators to support Senator Thomas H. See also:Benton's resolution expunging from the See also:journal of the Senate the resolution of censure, Tyler, though admitting the right of instruction, could not conscientiously obey the See also:mandate, and on the 29th of See also:February 1836 he resigned his seat. He was by this time reckoned a Whig, and his refusal to favour the Van Buren See also:administration See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
lent See also:colour to that view. In 1838 he became once more a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and in the same See also:year was chosen president of the Virginia Colonization Society, of which he had See also:long been a vice-president. In 1839 he made an unsuccessful contest for the United States senatorship. In December of that year the Whigs, relying upon his See also:record in See also:Congress as a sufficient See also:declaration of political faith, nominated him for vice-president on the See also:ticket with William Henry See also:Harrison, expecting that the nomination would win support for the party in the South. Harrison and Tyler each received 234 electoral votes and were elected. On the 4th of See also:April 1841, one See also:month after the inauguration, Harrison died, and Tyler became president. The detailed discussion of the events of his administration, 1841—1845, belongs to the See also:history of the United States (see UNITED STATES: History). He retained Harrison's See also:cabinet until his See also:veto of the bill for a " fiscal See also:corporation " led to the resignation of all the members except See also:Daniel See also:Webster, who was bringing to a See also:close the negotiations with See also:Lord See also:Ashburton for the See also:settlement of the See also:north-eastern boundary dispute; and he not only opposed the recognition of the spoils See also:system in appointments and removals, but kept at their posts some of the ablest of the ministers abroad. He stood, however, as it were, midway between the two See also:great parties, without the leadership or support of either; Van Buren, whose See also:influence in the See also:practical working of politics was still great, refused to recognize him as a Democrat, and the Whigs repudiated him as a Whig; while with Clay leading the See also:majority in Congress, See also:harmony between that See also:body and the executive was from the first impossible. The See also:annexation of See also:Texas, achieved just before the close of his administration, seemed to commend him for a second See also:term on that issue, and in May 1844 he was renominated by a convention of Democrats, irregularly chosen, at See also:Baltimore. The majority of the annexationists, however, would not support him, and he had further
to meet the opposition of Van Buren, who had failed to secure the nomination in the See also:regular Democratic convention, and of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James K. See also:Polk, the regular Democratic nominee. Tyler accepted the Baltimore nomination, but on the loth of See also:August withdrew from the contest. From this time until the See also:eve of the See also:Civil See also:War he held no public See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, but his opinions on political questions continued to be sought, and he was much in demand as a See also:speaker on public occasions. In December 186o, when South Carolina adopted its ordinance of See also:secession, Tyler, though sympathizing with the state, took firm ground against disunion and exerted himself in behalf of See also:peace. The legislature of Virginia appointed him a See also:commissioner to confer with President See also:Buchanan and arrange, if possible, for the See also:maintenance of the status quo in the matter of Fort See also:Sumter, in See also:Charleston See also:harbour; but his efforts were unavailing. He did not abate his activity, however, and the Peace Congress which assembled at See also:Washington on the 4th of February 1861, pursuant to a resolution of the Virginia legislature, and over which he presided, was largely the result of his labours. The constitutional See also:amendment proposed by the See also:conference, however, did not meet with his approbation, and his See also:action in See also:signing and transmitting the resolution to Congress was merely formal. On the 13th of February, while absent in Washington on this See also:mission, he was elected to the Virginia convention at Richmond, and took his seat on the 1st of March. In the convention he advocated immediate secession as the only proper course under the circumstances. He continued to serve as a member of the convention until it adjourned in December, in the meantime acting as one of the commissioners to negotiate a temporary See also:union between Virginia and the Confederate States of America. He was also a member of the provisional Confederate Congress from May 1861, when the See also:capital of the Confederacy was removed from See also:Montgomery, See also:Alabama, to Richmond. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the permanent Congress, but died on the 18th of See also:January 1862, in Richmond, before that body assembled.
President Tyler was twice married, first in 1813 to See also:Miss Letitia See also:Christian (1790—1842), and second in 1844 to Miss Julia See also:Gardiner (182o—1889). His son, See also:LYON GARDINER TYLER (b. 18J3), graduated at the university of Virginia in 1875, and practised See also:law at Richmond, Virginia, from 1882 to 1888, when he became president of the College of William and Mary. Among his publications, besides Letters and Times of the Tylers, are Parties and Patronage in the United States (189o); See also:Cradle of the See also:Republic (1900); See also:England in America (1906) in the " See also:American Nation " See also:series, and Williamsburg, the Old Colonial Capital (1908).
The See also:principal authority for the life of Tyler, aside from speeches, messages and other documents, is Lyon G. Tyler, Letters and Times of the Tylers (3 vols., Richmond, Va., 1884-1896). (W.
End of Article: TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
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