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See also:HOPKINSON, See also:JOHN (1849-1898) , See also:English engineer and physicist, was See also:born in See also:Manchester on the 27th of See also:July 1849. Before he was sixteen he attended lectures at See also:Owens See also:College, xnd at eighteen he gained a mathematical scholarship at Trinity College, See also:Cambridge, where he graduated in 1871 as See also:senior wrangler and first See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith's prizeman, having previously taken the degree of D.Sc. at See also:London University and won a See also:Whitworth See also:scholar-See also:ship. Although elected a See also:fellow and See also:tutor of his college, he stayed up at Cambridge only for a very See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, preferring to learn See also:practical See also:engineering as a See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil in the See also:works in which his See also:father was a partner. But there his stay was equally short, for in 1872 he undertook the duties of engineering manager in the See also:glass manufactories of Messrs See also:Chance See also:Brothers and See also:Company at See also:Birmingham. Six years later he removed to London, and while continuing to See also:act as scientific adviser to Messrs Chance, established a most successful practice as a consulting engineer. His See also:work was mainly, though not exclusively, See also:electrical, and
his services were in See also:great demand as an See also:expert See also:witness in patent
cases. In 18no he was appointed director of the See also:Siemens labora-
tory at See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's College, London, with the See also:title of See also:professor of
electrical engineering. His See also:death occurred prematurely on the
27th of See also:August 1898, when he was killed, together with one son
and two daughters, by an See also:accident the nature of which was
never precisely ascertained, while climbing the Petite Dentde Veisivi, above Evolena. Dr Hopkinson presented a rare See also:combination of practical with theoretical ability, and his achievements in pure scientific See also:research are not less intrinsically notable than the skill with which he applied their results to the See also:solution of See also:concrete engineering problems. His See also:original work is contained in more than sixty papers, all written with a See also:complete mastery both of See also:style and of subject-See also:matter. His name is best known in connexion with See also:electricity and See also:magnetism. On the one See also:hand he worked out the See also:general theory of the magnetic See also:circuit in the See also:dynamo (in See also:conjunction with his See also:brother See also:Edward), and the theory of alternating currents, and conducted a See also:long See also:series of observations on the phenomena attending magnetization in See also:iron, See also:nickel and the curious See also:alloys of the two which can exist both in a magnetic and non-magnetic See also:state at the same temperature. On the other hand, by the application of the principles he thus elucidated he furthered to an immense extent the employment of electricity for the purposes of daily See also:life. As regards the See also:generation of electric See also:energy, by pointing out defects of See also:design in the dynamo as it existed about 1878, and showing how important improvements were to be effected in its construction, he was largely instrumental in converting it from a clumsy and wasteful appliance into one of the most efficient known to the engineer. Again, as regards the See also:distribution of the current, he took a leading See also:part in the development of the three-See also:wire See also:system and the closed-circuit transformer, while electric See also:traction had to thank him for the series-parallel method of working See also:motors. During his See also:residence in Birmingham, Messrs Chance being makers of glass for use in lighthouse lamps, his See also:attention was naturally turned to problems of lighthouse See also:illumination, and he was able to devise improvements in both the catoptric and dioptric methods for concentrating and directing the See also:beam. He was a strong See also:advocate of the See also:group-flashing system as a means of differentiating See also:lights, and in-vented an arrangement for carrying it into effect optically, his See also:plan being first adopted for the catoptric See also:light of the Royal See also:Sovereign lightship, in the English Channel off Beachy See also:Head. Moreover, his association with glass manufacture led him to study the refractive indices of different kinds of glass ; he further undertook abstruse researches on electrostatic capacity, the phenomena of the residual See also:charge, and other problems arising out of Clerk See also:Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory.
His original papers were collected and published, with a memoir by his son, in 1901.
End of Article: HOPKINSON, JOHN (1849-1898)
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