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See also:HOOPER, See also:JOHN (d. 1555) , See also:bishop of See also:Gloucester and See also:Worcester and See also:martyr, was See also:born in See also:Somerset about the end of the 15th See also:century and graduated B.A. at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford in 151g. He is said to have then entered the Cistercian monastery at Gloucester; but in 1538 a John Hooper appears among the names of the See also:Black friars at Gloucester and also among the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White friars at See also:Bristol who surrendered their houses to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. A John Hooper was likewise See also:canon of Wormesley priory in Ilerefordshire;but See also:identification of any of these with the future bishop is doubtful. .The Greyfriars' See also:Chronicle says that Hooper was " sometime a white See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk "; and in the See also:sentence pronounced against him by See also:Gardiner he is described as " oli.m rnonachus de Cliva Ordinis C'i.sterciensis," i.e. of the Cistercian See also:house at Cleeve in Somerset. On the other See also:hand, at his deprivation he was not accused, like the other married bishops who had been monks or friars, of infidelity to the See also:vow of chastity; and his own letters to See also:Bullinger are curiously reticent on this See also:part of his See also:history. He there speaks of himself as being the only son and See also:heir of his See also:father and as fearing to be deprived of his See also:inheritance if he adopted the reformed See also:religion. Before 1546 he had secured employment in the See also:household of See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Arundell, a See also:man of influential connexions. Hooper speaks of himself at this See also:period as being " a courtier and living too much of a See also:court See also:life in the See also:palace of our king." But he chanced upon some of See also:Zwingli's See also:works and Bullinger's commentaries on St See also:Paul's epistles; and after some molestation in See also:England and some See also:correspondence with Bullinger on the lawfulness of complying against his See also:conscience with the established religion, he determined to secure what See also:property he could and take See also:refuge on the See also:continent. He had an adventurous See also:journey, being twice imprisoned, driven about for three months on the See also:sea, and reaching See also:Strassburg in the midst of the Schmalkaldic See also:war. There he married See also:Anne de Tserclaes, and later on he proceeded by way of Basle to See also:Zurich, where his Zwinglian convictions were confirmed by See also:constant intercourse with Zwingli's successor, Bullinger.
It was not until May 1549, after he had published various works at Zurich, that Hooper again arrived in England. He at once became the See also:principal See also:champion of Swiss Protestantism against the See also:Lutherans as well as the Catholics, and was appointed See also:chaplain to See also:Protector Somerset. Somerset's fall in the following See also:October endangered Hooper's position, and for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he was in hourly dread of imprisonment and martyrdom, more especially as he had taken a prominent part against Gardiner-and See also:Bonner, whose restoration to their See also:sees was now anticipated. See also:Warwick, afterwards See also:duke of See also:Northumberland, however, overcame the reactionaries in the See also:Council, and See also:early in 1550 the See also:Reformation resumed its course. Hooper became Warwick's chaplain, and after a course of See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
Lent lectures before the king he was offered the bishopric of Gloucester. This led to a prolonged controversy; Hooper had already denounced the " Aaronic See also:vestments " and the See also:oath by the See also:saints, prescribed in the new Ordinal; and he refused to be consecrated according to its See also:rites. See also:Cranmer, See also:Ridley, See also:Bucer and others urged him to submit in vain; confinement to his house by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the Council proved equally in-effectual; and it was not until he had spent some See also:weeks in the See also:Fleet See also:prison that the " father of See also:nonconformity " consented to conform, and Hooper submitted to See also:consecration with the legal ceremonies (See also:March 8, 1551).
Once seated in his bishopric Hooper set about his episcopal duties with exemplary vigour. His visitation of his See also:diocese (printed in See also:English Hist. Rev. See also:Jan. 1904, pp. 98-121) revealed a See also:condition of almost incredible See also:ignorance among his See also:clergy. Fewer than See also:half could say the Ten Commandments; some could not even repeat the See also:Lord's See also:Prayer in English. Hooper did his best in the time at his disposal; but in less than a See also:year the bishopric of Gloucester was reduced to an archdeaconry and added to Worcester, of which Hooper was made bishop in See also:succession to See also:Nicholas See also:Heath (q.v.). He was opposed to Northumberland's See also:plot for the exclusion of See also:Mary from the See also:throne; but this did not See also:save him from speedy imprisonment. Be was sent to See also:tire Fleet on the 1st of See also:September 1553 on a doubtful See also:charge of See also:debt to the See also:queen; but the real cause was his stanchness to a religion which was still by See also:law established. See also:Edward V'I.'s legislation was, however, repealed in the following See also:month, and in March
1554 Hooper was deprived of his bishopric as a married man. There was still no See also:statute by which he could be condemned to the stake, but Hooper was kept in prison; and the revival of the See also:heresy acts in See also:December 1554 was swiftly followed by See also:execution. On the 29th of See also:January 1555, Hooper, See also:Rogers, See also:Rowland T:ry for and others were condemned by Gardiner and
degraded by Bonner. Hooper was sent down to suffer at Gloucester, where he was burnt on the 9th of See also:February, See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting his See also:fate with steadfast courage and unshaken conviction.
Hooper was the first of the bishops to suffer because his Zwinglian views placed him further beyond the See also:pale than Cranmer, Ridley and See also:Latimer. He represented the extreme reforming party in England. While he expressed dissatisfaction with some of See also:Calvin's earlier writings, he approved of the Consensus Tigurinus negotiated in 1549 between the Zwinglians and Calvinists of See also:Switzerland; and it was this See also:form of religion that he laboured to spread in England against the wishes of Cranmer, Ridley, Bucer, See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Martyr and other more conservative theologians. He would have reduced See also:episcopacy to narrow limits; and his views had considerable See also:influence on the Puritans of See also:Elizabeth's reign, when many See also:editions of Hooper's various works were published.
Two volumes of Hooper's writings are included in the See also:Parker Society's publications and another edition appeared at Oxford in 1855. See also See also:Gough's See also:General See also:Index to Parker See also:Soc. Publ.; See also:Strype's Works (General Index) ; See also:Foxe's Acts and Monuments, ed. Townsend; Acts of the Privy Council; Cal. See also:State Papers, " Domestic " See also:Series; See also:Nichols's Lit. Remains of Edward VI.; See also:Burnet, See also:Collier, See also:Dixon, See also:Froude and See also:Gairdner's histories; See also:Pollard's Cranmer; Dict. Nat. Biogr. (A. F.
End of Article: HOOPER, JOHN (d. 1555)
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