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ROGERS, SAMUEL (1763-1855)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 458 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ROGERS, See also:SAMUEL (1763-1855) , See also:English poet, was See also:born at Newington See also:Green, See also:London, on the 3oth of See also:July 1 763. His See also:father, See also:Thomas Rogers, was the son of a See also:Stourbridge See also:glass manufacturer, who was also a See also:merchant in Cheapside. Thomas Rogers had a See also:place in the London business, and married See also:Mary, the only daughter of his father's partner, See also:Daniel Radford, becoming himself a partner shortly afterwards. On his See also:mother's See also:side Samuel Rogers was connected with the two well-known See also:Nonconformist divines See also:Philip and See also:Matthew See also:Henry, and it was in Nonconformist circles at Stoke Newington that he was brought up. He was educated at private See also:schools at See also:Hackney and Stoke Newington. He wished to enter the Presbyterian See also:ministry, but at his father's See also:desire he joined the banking business in Cornhill. In See also:long holidays, necessitated by delicate See also:health, Rogers became a diligent student of English literature, particularly in See also:Johnson, See also:Gray and See also:Goldsmith. Gray's poems, he said, he had by See also:heart., He had already made some contributions to the See also:Gentleman's See also:Magazine, when in 1786 he published a See also:volume containing some imitations of Goldsmith and an " See also:Ode to Superstition " in the manner of Gray. In 1788 his See also:elder See also:brother Thomas died, and Samuel's business responsibilities were increased. In the next See also:year he paid a visit to See also:Scotland, where he met See also:Adam See also:Smith, Henry See also:Mackenzie, the Piozzis and others. In 1791 he was in See also:Paris, and enjoyed a hurried inspection of the See also:art collection of Philippe Egalite at the Palais Royal, many of the treasures of which were later on to pass into his See also:possession. With Gray as his See also:model, Rogers took See also:great pains in polishing his verses, and six years elapsed after the publication of his first volume before he printed his elaborate poem on The Pleasures of Memory (1792).

This poem may be regarded as the last embodiment of the poetic diction of the 18th See also:

century. Here is carried to the extremest See also:pitch the theory of elevating and refining See also:familiar themes by abstract treatment and lofty imagery. In this art of " raising a subject," as the 18th-century phrase was, the Pleasures of Memory is much more perfect than Thomas See also:Campbell's Pleasures of See also:Hope, published a few years later in See also:imitation. The See also:acme of See also:positive praise for the fashionable serious See also:poetry of the See also:time was given by See also:Byron when he said, " There is not a vulgar See also:line in the poem." In 1793 his father's See also:death gave Rogers the See also:principal See also:share in the banking See also:house in Cornhill, and a considerable income. He See also:left Newington Green in the same year and established himself in See also:chambers in the See also:Temple. In his circle of See also:friends at this time were " Conversation " See also:Sharp and the artists See also:Flaxman, See also:Opie, See also:Martin See also:Shee and See also:Fuseli. He also made the acquaintance of See also:Charles See also:James See also:Fox, with whom he visited the galleries in Paris in 1802, and whose friendship introduced him to See also:Holland House. In 1803 he moved to 22 St James's Place, where for fifty years he entertained all the celebrities of London. See also:Flax-See also:man and See also:Stothard had a share in the decorations of the house, which Rogers had almost rebuilt, and now proceeded to fill with pictures and other See also:works of art. His collections at his death realized £50,000. An invitation to one of Rogers's breakfasts was a formal entry into See also:literary society, and his dinners were even more select. His social success was due less to his literary position than to his See also:powers as a conversationalist, his educated See also:taste in all matters of art, and no doubt to his sarcastic and See also:bitter wit, for which he excused himself by saying that he had such a small See also:voice that no one listened if he said pleasant things.

Above all, he seems to have had a See also:

genius for benevolence. " He certainly had the kindest heart and unkindest See also:tongue of any one I ever knew," said Fanny See also:Kemble. He helped the poet See also:Robert See also:Bloomfield, he reconciled See also:Moore with See also:Jeffrey and with Byron, and he relieved See also:Sheridan's difficulties in the last days of ; his See also:life. Moore, who refused help from all his friends, and would only be under obligations to his publishers, found it possible to accept assistance from Rogers. He procured a See also:pension for H. F. See also:Cary, the translator of See also:Dante, and obtained for See also:Wordsworth his See also:sinecure as distributor of stamps. It is difficult to realize the length of time that Rogers played the See also:part of literary See also:dictator in See also:England. He made his reputation by The Pleasures of Memory when See also:Cowper's fame was still in the making. He became the friend of Wordsworth, See also:Scott and Byron, and lived long enough to give an See also:opinion as to the fitness of See also:Alfred See also:Tennyson for the See also:post of poet See also:laureate. See also:Alexander See also:Dyce, from the time of his first introduction to Rogers, was in the See also:habit of See also:writing down the anecdotes with which his conversation abounded. From the See also:mass of material thus accumulated he made a selection which he arranged under various headings and published in 1856 as Recollections of the Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers, to which is added Porsoniana.

Rogers himself kept a notebook, in which he entered impressions of the conversation of many of his distinguished friends—Charles James Fox, See also:

Edmund See also:Burke, Henrry See also:Grattan, See also:Richard See also:Porson, See also:John See also:Horne See also:Tooke, Talleyrand, See also:Lord See also:Erskine, See also:Sir See also:Walter Scott, Lord See also:Grenville and the See also:duke of See also:Wellington. They were published by his See also:nephew See also:William See also:Sharpe in 1859 as Recollections by Samuel Rogers; and Reminiscences and Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers, Banker, Poet, and See also:Patron of the Arts, 1763-i855 (1903), by G. H. See also:Powell, is an amalgamation of these two authorities. Rogers held various honorary positions: he was one of the trustees of the See also:National See also:Gallery; and he served on a See also:commission to inquire into the management of the See also:British Museum, and on another for the rebuilding of the Houses of See also:Parliament. Meanwhile his literary See also:production was slow. A poem of some autobiographical See also:interest, An See also:Epistle to a Friend (Richard Sharp), published in 1798, describes Rogers's ideal of a happy life. This was followed twelve years later by The Voyage of See also:Columbus (181o), and by Jacqueline (1814), a narrative poem, written in the four-See also:accent measure of the newer writers, and published in the same volume with Byron's See also:Lara. His reflective poem on Human Life (1819), on which he had been engaged for twelve years, is written in his earlier manner. In 1814 Rogers made a tour on the See also:Continent with his See also:sister Sarah. He travelled through See also:Switzerland to See also:Italy, keeping a full See also:diary of events and impressions, and had made his way to See also:Naples when the See also:news of See also:Napoleon's See also:escape from See also:Elba obliged him to See also:hurry See also:home. Seven years later he returned to Italy, paying a visit to Byron and See also:Shelley at See also:Pisa.

Out of the earlier of these See also:

tours arose his last and longest See also:work, Italy. The first part was published anonymously in 1822; the second, with hisname attached, in 1828. The production was at first a failure, but Rogers was determined to make it a success. He enlarged and revised the poem, and commissioned illustrations from J. M. See also:Turner, Thomas Stothard and Samuel See also:Prout. These were engraved on See also:steel in the sumptuous edition of 183o. The See also:book then proved a great success, and Rogers followed it up with an equally sumptuous edition of his Poems (1838). In 185o, on Wordsworth's death, Rogers was asked to succeed him as poet laureate, but declined the See also:honour on See also:account of his great See also:age. For the last five years of his life he was confined to his See also:chair in consequence of a fall in the See also:street. He died in London on the 18th of See also:December 1855. A full account of Rogers is given in two works by P.

W. Clayden, The See also:

Early Life of Samuel Rogers (1887) and Rogers and his Contemporaries (2 vols., 1889). One of the best accounts of Rogers, containing many examples of his See also:caustic wit, is by See also:Abraham See also:Hayward in the See also:Edinburgh See also:Review for July 1856. See also the Aldine edition (1857) of his Poetical Works, and the See also:Journals of Byron and of Moore.

End of Article: ROGERS, SAMUEL (1763-1855)

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